2,247 research outputs found
An introduction to endoreversible thermodynamics
Reversible thermodynamic processes are convenient abstractions of real processes, which are always irreversible. Approaching the reversible regime means to become more and more quasistatic, letting behind processes which achieve any kind of finite transformation rate for the quantities studied. On the other hand studying processes with finite transformation rates means to deal with irreversibilities and in many cases these irreversibilities must be included in a realistic description of such processes. Endoreversible thermodynamics is a non-equilibrium approach in this direction by viewing a system as a network of internally reversible (endoreversible) subsystems exchanging energy in an irreversible fashion. This material provides an introduction to the subject
Ansätze und Entwicklungstendenzen des Logistik-Controlling in Unternehmen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Endoreversible Thermodynamics: A Tool for Simulating and Comparing Processes of Discrete Systems
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Endoreversible thermodynamics is concerned with reversible sub-systems that are in irreversible interaction with each other. Consequently, endoreversible thermodynamics represents the analogue for discrete systems to the local equilibrium hypothesis in continuum thermodynamics. Here a real cyclic 2-reservoir process is simulated by different endoreversible model processes. Simulation means that the simulating process has the same net heat exchanges, cycle time, power, entropy production, and efficiency as the original one. By introducing process-independent simulation parameters as constraints for the irreversible interaction, a family of comparative endoreversible processes is generated including the simulation of the original process. This procedure allows the process parameters of the family of comparative processes to be compared to those of the original one. The fraction “power of the real process over the maximal power inbetween the comparative family” is introduced as a parameter describing the process excellence
Lorentz shift measurements in heavily irradiated silicon detectors in high magnetic fields
An external magnetic field exerts a Lorentz force on drifting electric
charges inside a silicon strip sensor and thus shifts the cluster position of
the collected charge. The shift can be related to the Lorentz angle which is
typically a few degrees for holes and a few tens of degrees for electrons in a
4 T magnetic field. The Lorentz angle depends upon magnetic field, electric
field inside the sensor and temperature. In this study the sensitivity to
radiation for fluences up to 10^16 n/cm^2 has been studied. The Lorentz shift
has been measured by inducing ionization with 670 nm red or 1070 nm infrared
laser beams injected into the back side of the irradiated silicon sensor
operated in magnetic fields up to 8 T. For holes the shift as a function of
radiation is increasing, while for electrons it is decreasing and even changes
sign. The fact that for irradiated sensors the Lorentz shift for electrons is
smaller than for holes, in contrast to the observations in non-irradiated
sensors, can be qualitatively explained by the structure of the electric field
in irradiated sensors.Comment: Accepted publication for RD09 conference in Proceedings of Scienc
Drag on spheres in micropolar fluids with non-zero boundary conditions for microrotations
This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.The Stokes formula for the resistance force exerted on a sphere moving with constant velocity in a fluid is extended to the case of micropolar fluids. A non-homogeneous boundary condition for the micro-rotation vector is used: the micro-rotation on the boundary of the sphere is assumed proportional to the rotation rate of the velocity field on the boundary.Peer Reviewe
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