398 research outputs found
Stav njemaÄkih sindikata prema radnicima migrantima
In a short introduction to this paper a specific development of the German social democratic party and trade unions is dealt with, along with workers\u27 emigration, mostly to the United States of America, and a growth of immigration, mainly from Poland and Italy. There follows an account of job competition, because of the danger of undercutting wage levels on the labor market, an account of strikebreaking, and of threats to migrants\u27 health, morals and culture. In the final part of the paper German trade unions\u27 practices towards foreign workers are compared from a theoretical point of view.U kratkom uvodu ovog referata izlaĆŸe se specifiÄan razvoj njemaÄke socijaldemokratske stranke i sindikata, te emigracija radnika, posebice u SAD, a isto tako i razvoj imigracije, uglavnom iz Poljske i Italije. Dalje se govori o ekonomskoj konkurenciji u vezi s nadnicama, konkurenciji na trĆŸiĆĄtu rada, ĆĄtrajkolomstvu, te konaÄno pretpostavljenim opasnostima za zdravlje, moral i kulturu. U posljednjem dijelu referata usporeÄuje se praksa njemaÄkih sindikata prema stranim radnicima s teorijskog stajaliĆĄta
Transformations over Time or Sudden Change:Historical Perspectives on Mass Migrations and Human Lives
Sowohl die Migration als auch die Einstellungen dazu sind historisch tief verwurzelt. Wenn die aktuellen Wanderungsbewegungen und die von DerivatehĂ€ndlern im Herbst 2008 verursachte Wirtschaftskrise als âneu und historisch beispiellosâ bezeichnet werden, wird ĂŒber die Auswirkungen von Mustern der Vergangenheit auf die Gegenwart hinweggesehen und somit verhindert, dass Erkenntnisse ĂŒber KontinuitĂ€ten und Vergleiche gewonnen werden. Nicht die Migranten werden âentwurzeltâ, wie bisweilen behauptet wird, sondern dem historischen GedĂ€chtnis werden gezielt seine Wurzeln entzogen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht zunĂ€chst auf die verschiedenen Probleme der heutigen Migrationsdebatten und die Historisierung der Perspektiven ein. Die einwandererfeindlichen Zuschreibungen, Stigmata und Ideologien werden kritisiert. Sodann werden die Daten prĂ€sentiert und die geographischen Dimensionen der Migrantenwege im Kontext der translokalen, transregionalen, transnationalen und globalen Vernetzung besprochen. Ein integrativer Ansatz im Sinne transkultureller Gesellschaftswissenschaften wird vorgeschlagen. SchlieĂlich geht der Beitrag auf das Handeln (agency) von Migranten ein, wobei die âViktimisierungsâ-AnsĂ€tze kritisiert werden und argumentiert wird, dass Andersartigkeit eine Ressource ist, aber auch eine AngriffsflĂ€che fĂŒr Ausbeutung bietet. GeldĂŒberweisungen werden als Beispiel fĂŒr die Schnittpunkte zwischen dem Handeln von Migranten und staatlichen BedĂŒrfnissen angefĂŒhrt. In der Schlussfolgerung wird die Gegenwart kurz in den Kontext der globalen Ungleichheiten, des wirtschaftlichen Aspekts und der Einwandererfeindlichkeit sowie des ideologischen national-essentialistischen Aspekts gesetzt.Both migrations and attitudes towards them have deep historical roots. To pronounce the present migration and the economic crisis triggered by derivative bankers in the fall of 2008 as ânew without historical precedentâ overlooks the impact of patterns of the past on the present and prevents an understanding being reached of continuities and comparisons. It is not migrants who are âuprootedâ, as some would have it, but historical memory is deliberately being uprooted. This essay starts by addressing the multiple problems of present-day debates about migration and historicising the perspectives. It critiques the anti-immigrant ascriptions, labels and ideologies. It goes on to present the data and discuss the geographies of migrant trajectories in the context of translocal, transregional, transnational and global connectivity. An integrative Transcultural Societal Studies approach will be proposed. The essay will then deal with migrant agency, that is the actions of migrants, criticising âvictimizationâ approaches and argue that Otherness is a resource as well as a framework for exploitation. Remittances will serve as an example of the intersection between migrant agency and statesâ needs. The conclusion will briefly place the present in the context of global inequalities, of the economic aspect and of anti-immigrantism, as well as the ideological national-essentialist aspect
Towards a History of Canadians: Transcultural Human Agency as Seen Through Economic Behaviour, Community Formation, and Societal Institutions
Social history approaches to Canadian history have expanded the master narrative
to encompass a comprehensive story. Within social history, a perspective taken from
common peopleâs life-writing changes interpretation in similar ways as community
and life-course approaches have done. Peopleâs own life projects were at first based
on economic mutualism in the local community, which, over time, gave way to a
slowly imposed capitalist economy. However, the mail-order business and its relation
to the earlier local economy, based on trust rather than an abstract market,
constituted an important factor in the emergence of Canadian society. Nineteenthcentury
immigrants, like their predecessors from the dynastic states of France and
the United Kingdom, came from pre-national, many-cultured societies and found a
feeling of belonging in their participation in institution-building in a decentralized
civic society. The historic dynastic states, comprised of many peoples, provide historical
and conceptual antecedents that can help us understand the state and society
of Canada.Les approches sociales Ă lâhistoire canadienne ont rĂ©orientĂ© le discours maĂźtre pour
en faire une histoire globale. Au sein de lâhistoire sociale, la perspective fondĂ©e sur
les Ă©crits de vie des gens ordinaires modifie lâinterprĂ©tation des choses, un peu
comme lâont fait les approches fondĂ©es sur la communautĂ© et le parcours de vie. Les
projets de vie des gens se sâappuyaient initialement sur le mutualisme Ă©conomique
communautaire, qui fit place à une économie capitaliste lentement imposée. Mais la
vente par correspondance et sa relation avec lâĂ©conomie locale antĂ©rieure, fondĂ©e sur
la confiance plutĂŽt que sur un marchĂ© abstrait, sâest rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e un facteur important de
lâĂ©mergence de la sociĂ©tĂ© canadienne. Tout comme leurs prĂ©dĂ©cesseurs des Ătats
dynastiques de la France et du Royaume-Uni, les immigrants du XIXe siĂšcle venaient
de sociĂ©tĂ©s prĂ©-nationales multiculturelles et dĂ©veloppĂšrent un sentiment dâapparte-
nance du fait de participer Ă lâĂ©dification des institutions dâune sociĂ©tĂ© civile dĂ©centralisĂ©e.
Les Ătats dynastiques historiques, formĂ©s de nombreux peuples, offrent des
antécédents historiques et conceptuels susceptibles de nous aider à comprendre
lâĂtat et la sociĂ©tĂ© au Canada
Negotiating Nations: Exclusions, Networks, Inclusions â An Introduction
The concept of nation is usually understood to include all people within the respective
boundaries, and the concept of state to treat all equally. From an analytical
perspective, however, these concepts are not mutually reinforcing or even complementary,
but contradictory. Political practice and power relationships exclude
particular groups because of ethno-culture, religion, gender, class, or âraceâ. Who
belongs, struggles for belonging, or is excluded is a matter of negotiation in power
relationships. Non-territorial peoples, diasporic peoples, settled groups who
became minorities in larger political entities, working-class men and women, and
those regarded as socially inferior have gained admission to national belonging
and equal rights only late, or are still struggling for inclusion. An international
symposium, âRecasting European and Canadian History: National Con-sciousness,
Migration, Multicultural Livesâ, brought together scholars from twelve European
states and two North American ones to reconsider approaches to migration
and the interaction of many cultures in the European past and present. A selection
of papers dealing with inclusion in and exclusion from nation-states is presented
here.Sâentend habituellement par nation lâensemble des habitants dâun mĂȘme territoire et
par Ătat lâidĂ©e dâun traitement Ă©gal pour tous. Dâun point de vue analytique, cependant,
ces concepts ne se renforcent ni se complĂštent lâun lâautre : ils sont contradictoires.
La politique et les relations de pouvoir excluent les groupes particuliers pour
des raisons dâethno-culture, de religion, de sexe, de classe ou de « race ». Le fait
dâappartenir au groupe, de se battre pour en faire partie ou dâen ĂȘtre exclu est tributaire
de la nĂ©gociation Ă lâintĂ©rieur des relations de pouvoir. Les non-territoriaux,
les peuples de la diaspora, les groupes Ă©tablis devenus minoritĂ©s au sein dâentitĂ©s
politiques plus vastes, les hommes et les femmes de la classe ouvriĂšre et les personnes
considĂ©rĂ©s de statut social infĂ©rieur nâont Ă©tĂ© admis dans le giron national et
nâont joui de droits Ă©gaux que sur le tard sâils revendiquent pas encore lâinclusion.
Un symposium international, intitulé « Recasting European and Canadian History:
National Consciousness, Migration, Multicultural Lives », a réunion des universitaires
de douze Ătats europĂ©ens et de deux pays nord-amĂ©ricains pour repenser les
approches Ă la migration et lâinteraction des nombreuses cultures de lâEurope
dâhier et dâaujourdâhui. Nous vous prĂ©sentons ci-dessous un choix de communications
sur lâinclusion dans les Ătats-nations et lâexclusion de ceux-ci
Pripadanje, Älanstvo in mobilnost v globalni zgodovini
Belonging and membership in societies depend on resources, societal structures, and stateside frames rather than on postulated and essentialized identities. Throughout the ages migrants have changed societies and affiliations; globalization emerged in the 1490s when the tri-continental African-Asian-European worlds and the dual American continent became connected. Migrants moved translocally or transregionally â the âtransâ emphasizes connections across dividing lines or spaces, to continuities cre- ated (or, perhaps, merely mentally constructed) by human agency. This essay approaches the topic from four angles: (1) migrantsââfunds of knowledge,â(2) newcomersââOtherness,â(3) power hierarchies, and (4) connectivity-inclusions-exclusions. In conclusion, belongings of globally mobile men and women will be discussed as transcultural rather than transnational.Pripadanje in Älanstvo v druĆŸbah nista toliko odvisna od predpostavljenih in esencializiranih identitet kot od sredstev, druĆŸbenih struktur in nacionalnih okvirov. V zgodovini so migranti menjali druĆŸbe in pripadnosti; globalizacija se je pojavila okrog 1490, ko sta se povezala trikontinentalni afriĆĄko-evropsko-azijski svet in dvojni ameriĆĄki kontinent. Migranti so se selili translokalno ali transregionalno â »trans« poudarja povezave z razloÄevalnimi Ärtami ali prostori v nepretrganost/kontinuitete, ki jih ustvarja (ali morda konstruira zgolj v duhu) ÄloveĆĄki dejavnik. PriÄujoÄi esej se teme loteva s ĆĄtirih plati: (1) iz »zakladnice znanja« migrantov, (2) »drugosti« novih priĆĄlekov, (3) hierarhije moÄi in (4) povezljivosti-vkljuÄevanja-izkljuÄevanja, pripadnost globalno mobilnih moĆĄkih in ĆŸensk pa obravnava transkulturalno in ne transnacionalno
Student Satisfaction with Hotel Management Internship in the multi - cultural context of the University of the South Pacific
Many international hospitality organisations interact and effectively work with people from different cultural backgrounds. The issue of cultural awareness, sensitivity, and understanding of cultural differences has created unusual challenges for interns to work effectively in a multi-cultural workplace and deliver quality services to an international tourism market. This qualitative study of student reflections and staff facilitation of internships will determine the factors that contribute to student satisfaction with their working and learning experiences. The proposed research will be of value and have practical implications for both academics who wish to further study student internship satisfaction, sponsors and industry professionals as this research will serve as a framework for a successful internship experience for future hospitality practitioners
Subplate in a rat model of preterm hypoxia-ischemia.
OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in preterm infants primarily leads to injuries in the cerebral white matter. However, there is growing evidence that perinatal injury in preterms can also involve other zones including the cortical gray matter. In a neonatal rat model of HI, selective vulnerability of subplate has been suggested using BrdU birth-dating methods. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuropathological changes of the subplate and deep layers of the cortex following cerebral HI in neonatal rats with specific cell markers.
METHODS: P2 rats underwent permanent occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by a period of hypoxia. P8 rats were analyzed using immunohistochemistry; subplate and deep layers cells were quantified and compared with sham-operated case.
RESULTS: A large variability in the extent of the cerebral injury was apparent. For the three analyzed subplate populations (Nurr1+, Cplx3+, and Ctgf+ cells), no significant cell reduction was observed in mild and moderate cases. Only in severe cases, subplate cells were strongly affected, but these injuries were always accompanied by the cell reductions in layers VI and V.
INTERPRETATION: We could therefore not confirm a specific vulnerability of subplate cells compared to other deep layers or the white matter in our model
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