Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Silicon-integrated Li-ion Secondary Micro Batteries with Interdigital Electrodes

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of silicon-integrated lithium ion secondary micro batteries with a side-by-side electrode setup. Cavities separated by narrow silicon spacers served as containments for two interdigitally arranged electrodes and were etched into -Si by wet chemical etching. The etched silicon battery containments were passivated by a layer of SiOx/SixNy. Al current collectors were applied by sputtering and back etching. A volumetric micro dispenser served to fill the cavities with slurries of the active materials - lithium cobalt manganese oxide (Liy(Ni1/2Co1/5Mn3/10)O2) as the cathode and lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as the anode material. Filling with electrolyte, encapsulation, and electrochemical characterization of the finished cells took place in an Ar-filled glove box. The fabricated batteries with IDE show considerably lower impedances than cells with single side by side electrodes and are capable of constant current loads up to 10 C. A linear capacity loss rate of <0.1% per cycle was observed over 30 full cycles at 0.2C

Comparison of Chloroaluminate Melts for Aluminum Graphite Dual‐Ion Battery Application

Herein, we report a comparison of aluminum graphite dual‐ion cells (AGDICs) electrochemical characteristics employing the conventional 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride:aluminum trichloride (EMIMCl : AlCl3) electrolyte and two popular deep eutectic solvents (DESs), namely urea : AlCl3 and acetamide:AlCl3. The three electrolytes′ characteristics have been evaluated in terms of Al‐stripping deposition capability and cycling behavior in AGDICs. The results evidence the EMIMCl : AlCl3′s Al‐stripping deposition and rate capability in AGDICs superior characteristics addressed to the lower viscosity and higher conductivity with respect to the urea : AlCl3 and acetamide:AlCl3. On the other hand, the urea : AlCl3 guarantees a much higher columbic efficiency in AGDICs, thanks to the superior electrochemical window stability.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel – 2020EC/H2020/646286/EU/HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY ALUMINIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE DECENTRALIZED ELECTRICITY GENERATION SOURCES/ALIONBMBF, 03XP0128E, ALIBATT - Al-Ionen-Batterie mit hoher volumetrischer Energiedichte für die Elektromobilitä

A critical review of corrosion phenomena in microelectronic systems

In general corrosion is one of the most critical aspects for long term reliability. Most of the accelerated tests are not taken this aspect into account. Especially applications in the power electronics field imply some of the harshest environmental conditons for electrical components. To protect these systems typically polymers are being used for the packaging. This is not a hermetic sealing method, but it provides a sufficient housing for most of the applications being a small sized and very low cost package. Polymeric materials are prone to leakage and permeation of moisture and corrosive gases into package which could damage the dies, wires, bond pads, lead frames and solder joints. Therefore, corrosion is a long-term issue in microelectronic packages and is related to the whole system. This paper gives an overview of corrosion induced degradation of microelectronic packages and presents a measurement principle to characterize the protection efficiency of encapsulation layers by an electrochemical measuremnt

Insights into the reversibility of aluminum graphite batteries

Herein we report a novel study on the reaction mechanism of non-aqueous aluminum/graphite cell chemistry employing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride:aluminum trichloride (EMIMCl:AlCl3) as the electrolyte. This work highlights new insights into the reversibility of the anion intercalation chemistry besides confirming its outstanding cycle life exceeding 2000 cycles, corresponding to more than 5 months of cycling test. The reaction mechanism, involving the intercalation of AlCl4− in graphite, has been fully characterized by means of ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), evidencing the accumulation of anionic species into the cathode as the main factor responsible for the slight initial irreversibility of the electrochemical process.BMBF, 03SF0486, Verbundvorhaben AlSiBat: Metall/Luft Systeme, insbesondere Al/-Si/Luft BatterienEC/H2020/646286/EU/HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY ALUMINIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE DECENTRALIZED ELECTRICITY GENERATION SOURCES/ALIO

3D arranged reduced graphene oxide - polyethylene glycol - amine based biosensor platform for super-sensitive detection of procalcitonin

The antibiotic crisis is a major problem in international healthcare. A poor infection prevention and control coupled with the misuse and overuse of antibiotics are identified as main reasons of this crisis [1].Therefore it is necessary to improve the antibiotic prescribing using extra diagnostics during the general medical examinations [2]. Unfortunately, most existing diagnostic systems are highly expensive, bulky and can only be operated by special trained staff, which extremely reduces their applicability. On the other hand, low-cost quick tests are less sensitive and only have qualitative outputs. That is why novel high-sensitive, low-cost, reliable, easy-to-use and fast biosensors are strongly needed worldwide in today’s medicine. Here we present a fast, highly sensitive and low-cost biosensor platform utilizing the superb electrical properties, the tremendous surface area and biocompatibility of novel 3D arranged Graphene flakes, merged with the selective antigen affinity of antibodies. The biosensor platform is a label-free concept using an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for read-out and quantitative biomarker detection. All fabrication processes are especially chosen in the frame of mass-scalability. The proof of principle was operated by testing procalcitonin (PCT) levels ranging from 0 to 10 ng/ml (see figure 1). It shows the excellent potential of the new sensor platform. Using PCT as biomarker allows differentiation between bacterial and virus related infections, which dramatically helps doctors to make the right decisions during antibiotic prescribing [3]. Within the 3D Graphene biosensor approach we have observed a fast detection speed of less than 10 minutes and have identified a sensitivity below 0.2 ng/ml PCT. These findings indicate a much better sensitivity of the new device compared to commercial PCT quick-tests [4]. To fabricate the novel 3D arranged Graphene biosensor, the reduced Graphene Oxide - Polyethylene Glycol - Amine (rGO-PEG-NH 2 ) was suspended in Isopropyl alcohol. The ζ-potential of the in-solution Graphene flakes was optimized by adding MgCl 2 · 6H 2 O charger salt and thereby enhanced from -3.1mV to +46mV. A high performance ultra-sonic mixer was used to crumple and disperse the rGO-PEG-NH 2 flakes within the solvent. Subsequently the Graphene was deposited from solution onto 5μm line and space interdigitated gold electrodes, utilizing Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) technique. Successful 3D arrangement of Graphene flakes has been be visualized by SEM (see figure 2). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were used to covalently couple monoclonal procalcitonin (PCT) antibodies to the deposited Graphene. Dry milk protein was used to block the surface and prevent unspecific bindings. The validation of Graphene antibody coupling and proving of antibody viability after functionalization was performed by a sandwich fluorescence assay based on Alex Fluo 488 (see figure 3). The detection behavior of the developed biosensor was characterized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (see figure 1)