Sagen, Zeigen, Beobachten

Philosophie klaert philosophische Probleme. Die Selbstreferentialitaet des Philosophierens, ein zentrales Motiv in Wittgensteins "Tractatus logico-philosophicus", wird paradox im Moment der Anwendung der philosophischen Klaerungsunterscheidungen auf sich selbst. Der vorliegende Aufsatz deutet Wittgensteins Begriff des "Zeigens" als Versuch einer Auf-Loesung der philosophischen Paradoxie (zu sagen, was man nicht sagen kann) , und setzt ihn mit der systemtheoretischen Behandlung dieses Problems in Beziehung

Schein-Design

Designer sollen Konsens und Differenz zugleich begünstigen: Design soll ‚gefallen" – und trotzdem oder gerade deshalb ‚auffallen". Das geht eigentlich nicht, aber das macht nichts. Man könnte sagen, Designer sind Meister des double bind. Sie suchen die ‚Gute Form", aber keiner darf sie finden. Insofern müssen Designer nicht nur Problematisieren, Nahelegen und Entwerfen, sondern auch Ausblenden, dass es die ‚Beste Form" nie geben wird

Black Box Beetle: Über Privatheit und Intransparenz

Wittgenstein has criticized the philosophical concept of "Privatheit" in his Philosophical Investigations from the perspective of the philosophy of language. In Luhmann"s systems theory "intransparency", that is, the problem that one has no access to the mind of someone else, seems to be analogous to "Privatheit". Do the epistemological problems (of solipsim and semantical scepticism) implicated by the privatist concept therefore return in systems theory? In my opinion, Luhmann addressed these problems by introducing the notion of "double contingency" in the communication. On the basis of a systematic comparison between the two terms "Privatheit" and "intransparency", I argue that the model of "double contingency" is not necessarily bound to the concept of "Privatheit". The systems-theoretical construction of double contingency even provides a way to formulate Wittgenstein"s argumentation against privatist scepticism without reference to the postulation of an integrative function of ordinary language

Muss irgendjemand irgendetwas notwendigerweise wollen, damit sein Tun ein Kommunikationsversuch sein kann? Systemtheoretische Anmerkungen zu Georg Meggles ,,Reflexivitäts-Bedingung"

In seinem Aufsatz Regeltheoretische contra Intentionalistische Semantik? teilt Georg Meggle mit, was für ihn den ,,Kernpunkt" seines intentionalistischen Kommunikations-Verständnisses ausmacht. ,, (RB) Kommunikatives Handeln zielt wesentlich darauf ab, verstanden zu werden." Verstanden zu werden ist, so Meggle, eines jener Ziele, ,,die jemand notwendigerweise haben muss, damit sein Tun ein Kommunikationsversuch sein kann". Im Folgenden möchte ich kurz darlegen, inwiefern diese kommunikative ,,Reflexivitäts-Bedingung" (Meggle) systemtheoretischer Sicht problematisch erscheint

Toward a Process Theory of Making Sustainability Strategies Legitimate in Action

We draw on a three-year qualitative study of the processual dynamics of implementing a sustainability strategy alongside an existing mainstream competitive strategy. We show that despite the legitimacy of the sustainability strategy at the organizational level, actors experience tensions with its implementation at the action level vis-à-vis the mainstream strategy, thus creating the potential for decoupling. Our findings show that working through these tensions on specific tasks, enables actors to legitimate the sustainability strategy in action and to co-enact it with the mainstream strategy within those tasks. Cumulatively, multiple instances of such co-enactment at the action level reinforce the organizational-level legitimacy of the sustainability strategy and its integration with the mainstream strategy. We draw these findings together into a dynamic process model that contributes to the literature on integration of dual strategies at the action and organizational levels as a process of legitimacy making

Sagen, Zeigen, Beobachten. Eine philosophisch-systemtheoretische Betrachtung

Philosophie klaert philosophische Probleme. Die Selbstreferentialitaet des Philosophierens, ein zentrales Motiv in Wittgensteins "Tractatus logico-philosophicus", wird paradox im Moment der Anwendung der philosophischen Klaerungsunterscheidungen auf sich selbst. Der vorliegende Aufsatz deutet Wittgensteins Begriff des "Zeigens" als Versuch einer Auf-Loesung der philosophischen Paradoxie (zu sagen, was man nicht sagen kann) , und setzt ihn mit der systemtheoretischen Behandlung dieses Problems in Beziehung

Reflexivity and flexibility: Complementary routes to innovation?

Flexibility and reflexivity are essential processes for organisational innovation. The aim of the paper is to investigate their concurrent and interactive contribution in enhancing two innovation outcomes (the organisational openness towards innovation and the actual innovation adoption). Participants were 357 Italian employees. Results of a hierarchical regression model showed the role of both factors in fostering the two innovation outcomes under study. In addition, results showed the complementary interaction of reflexivity and flexibility, outlining two possible routes to innovation. Specifically, reflexivity appears to be a generative learning process capable of encouraging innovation in low-flexibility conditions, whereas flexibility tends to encourage innovation in low-reflexivity conditions. The findings provide empirical support of their roles as complementary resources for innovation, which has been under-examined in the literature

Innovator resilience potential: A process perspective of individual resilience as influenced by innovation project termination

Innovation projects fail at an astonishing rate. Yet, the negative effects of innovation project failures on the team members of these projects have been largely neglected in research streams that deal with innovation project failures. After such setbacks, it is vital to maintain or even strengthen project members’ innovative capabilities for subsequent innovation projects. For this, the concept of resilience, i.e. project members’ potential to positively adjust (or even grow) after a setback such as an innovation project failure, is fundamental. We develop the second-order construct of innovator resilience potential, which consists of six components – self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, optimism, hope, self-esteem, and risk propensity – that are important for project members’ potential of innovative functioning in innovation projects subsequent to a failure. We illustrate our theoretical findings by means of a qualitative study of a terminated large-scale innovation project, and derive implications for research and management

Improved ventricular function during inhalation of PGI(2) aerosol partly relies on enhanced myocardial contractility

Inhaled prostacyclin (PGI(2)) aerosol induces selective pulmonary vasodilation. Further, it improves right ventricular ( RV) function, which may largely rely on pulmonary vasodilation, but also on enhanced myocardial contractility. We investigated the effects of the inhaled PGI(2) analogs epoprostenol (EPO) and iloprost (ILO) on RV function and myocardial contractility in 9 anesthetized pigs receiving aerosolized EPO (25 and 50 ng center dot kg(-1) center dot min(-1)) and, consecutively, ILO (60 ng center dot kg(-1) center dot min(-1)) for 20 min each. We measured pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP), RV ejection fraction (RVEF) and RV end-diastolic-volume (RV-EDV), and left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume-relation (end-systolic elastance, E-es). EPO and ILO reduced PAP, increased RVEF and reduced RVEDV. E-es was enhanced during all doses tested, which reached statistical significance during EPO25ng and ILO, but not during EPO50ng. PGI(2) aerosol enhances myocardial contractility in healthy pigs, contributing to improve RV function. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel