Standardized Consent Forms for Surgical Procedures: An Intervention to Improve the Resident-led Informed Consent Process

Objectives and Goals: To provide high quality, consistent consent forms for common surgical procedures and improve resident workflow by creating and implementing standardized printed consents for common surgical procedures. These consents will be used by residents consenting patients in the ED or inpatient setting. Consents shall include standardized procedure descriptions, risks and benefits of the procedure, and alternative treatment option descriptions, risks and benefitshttps://jdc.jefferson.edu/patientsafetyposters/1057/thumbnail.jp

Observations of Stellar Objects at a Shell Boundary in the Star-Forming Complex in the Galaxy IC1613

The single region of ongoing star formation in the galaxy IC 1613 has been observed in order to reveal the nature of compact emission-line objects at the edges of two shells in the complex, identified earlier in H-alpha line images. The continuum images show these compact objects to be stars. Detailed spectroscopic observations of these stars and the surrounding nebulae were carried out with an integral field spectrograph MPFS mounted on the 6m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory. The resulting stellar spectra were used to determine the spectral types and luminosity classes of the objects. An Of star we identified is the only object of this spectral type in IC 1613. The results of optical observations of the multi-shell complex are compared to 21cm radio observations. The shells harboring the stars at their boundaries constitute the most active part of the star-forming region. There is evidence that shocks have played an important role in the formation of the shells.Comment: 10 pages, 5 PS and 1 color JPEG figur

The Impact Response of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates (Center Director's Discretionary Fund, Project No. 94-13)

Low velocity dropweight impact tests were conducted on carbon/epoxy laminates under various boundary conditions. The composite plates were 8-ply (+45,0,-45,90)s laminates supported in a clamped-clamped/free-free configuration with varying amounts of in-plane load, N(sub x), applied. Specimens were impacted at energies of 3.4, 4.5, and 6 Joules (2.5, 3.3, and 4.4 ft-lb). The amount of damage induced into the specimen was evaluated using instrumented impact techniques, x-ray inspection, and cross-sectional photomicroscopy. Some static identation tests were performed to examine if the impact events utilized in this study were of a quasi-static nature and also to gain insight into the shape of the deflected surface at various impact load combinations. Load-displacement curves from these tests were compared to those of the impact tests, as was damage determined from x-ray inspection. The finite element technique was used to model the impact event and determine the stress field within the laminae. Results showed that for a given impact energy level, more damage was induced into the specimen as the external in-plane load, N(sub x), was increased. The majority of damage observed consisted of back face splitting of the matrix parallel to the fibers in that ply, associated with delaminations emanating from these splits. The analysis showed qualitatively the results of impact conditions on maximum load of impact, maximum transverse deflection, and first failure mode and location

Supernovae Rates: A Cosmic History

We discuss the cosmic history of supernovae on the basis of various assumptions and recent data on the star formation history. We show that supernova rates as a function of redshift can be used to place significant constraints on progenitor models, on the star formation history, and on the importance of dust obscuration. We demonstrate that it is unlikely that the current observational indications for the existence of a cosmological constant are merely an artifact of the dominance of different progenitor classes at different redshift intervals.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Damage tolerance of candidate thermoset composites for use on single stage to orbit vehicles

Four fiber/resin systems were compared for resistance to damage and damage tolerance. One toughened epoxy and three toughened bismaleimide (BMI) resins were used, all with IM7 carbon fiber reinforcement. A statistical design of experiments technique was used to evaluate the effects of impact energy, specimen thickness, and impactor diameter on the damage area, as computed by C-scans, and residual compression-after-impact (CAI) strength. Results showed that two of the BMI systems sustained relatively large damage zones yet had an excellent retention of CAI strength

The Glass Transition Temperature of Water: A Simulation Study

We report a computer simulation study of the glass transition for water. To mimic the difference between standard and hyperquenched glass, we generate glassy configurations with different cooling rates and calculate the $T$ dependence of the specific heat on heating. The absence of crystallization phenomena allows us, for properly annealed samples, to detect in the specific heat the simultaneous presence of a weak pre-peak (``shadow transition''), and an intense glass transition peak at higher temperature. We discuss the implications for the currently debated value of the glass transition temperature of water. We also compare our simulation results with the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan phenomenological model.Comment: submitted to Phys. Re

The Effects of Foam Thermal Protection System on the Damage Tolerance Characteristics of Composite Sandwich Structures for Launch Vehicles

For any structure composed of laminated composite materials, impact damage is one of the greatest risks and therefore most widely tested responses. Typically, impact damage testing and analysis assumes that a solid object comes into contact with the bare surface of the laminate (the outer ply). However, most launch vehicle structures will have a thermal protection system (TPS) covering the structure for the majority of its life. Thus, the impact response of the material with the TPS covering is the impact scenario of interest. In this study, laminates representative of the composite interstage structure for the Ares I launch vehicle were impact tested with and without the planned TPS covering, which consists of polyurethane foam. Response variables examined include maximum load of impact, damage size as detected by nondestructive evaluation techniques, and damage morphology and compression after impact strength. Results show that there is little difference between TPS covered and bare specimens, except the residual strength data is higher for TPS covered specimens

A Theory for steady and self-sustained premixed combustion waves

Based on the compressible Navier – Stokes equations for reactive flow problems, an eigenvalue problem for the steady and self-sustained premixed combustion wave propagation is developed. The eigenvalue problem is analytically solved and a set of analytic formulae for description of the wave propagation is found out. The analytic formulae are actually the exact solution of the eigenvalue problem in the form of integration, based on which author develops an iterative and numerical algorithm for calculation of the steady and self-sustained premixed combustion wave propagation and its speed. In order to explore the mathematical model and test the computational method developed in this paper, three groups of combustion wave propagation modes are calculated. The computational results show that the non-trivial modes of the combustion wave propagation exist and their distribution is not continuous but discrete

Critical aging of a ferromagnetic system from a completely ordered state

We adapt the non-linear $\sigma$ model to study the nonequilibrium critical dynamics of O(n) symmetric ferromagnetic system. Using the renormalization group analysis in $d=2+\epsilon$ dimensions we investigate the pure relaxation of the system starting from a completely ordered state. We find that the average magnetization obeys the long-time scaling behavior almost immediately after the system starts to evolve while the correlation and response functions demonstrate scaling behavior which is typical for aging phenomena. The corresponding fluctuation-dissipation ratio is computed to first order in $\epsilon$ and the relation between transverse and longitudinal fluctuations is discussed.Comment: 5 pages, revtex