Development of Plasma Vitellogenin Assay for Estrogenic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Using Ovariectomized Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) assay was developed using ovariectomized goldfish (Carassius auratus) for determining the estrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. In a laboratory study, we assessed the estrogenic activity of commercial fish diets by using a diet for ornamental carp (CD) and a casein-based formulated fish diet (FD), which was shown to not contain soybean or fish meal in a previous study. In ovariectomized fish, plasma VTG concentrations were significantly higher in the CD-fed group than in the FD-fed group. These results indicate that the estrogen activity of CD may be high enough to cause induction of plasma VTG in ovariectomized goldfish as previously observed in male goldfish. Moreover, the effect of estrogen on plasma VTG induction was confirmed by significant plasma VTG production following the exposure of FD-fed ovariectomized goldfish to a nominal estradiol-17β concentration of 100 μg/l for 31 days. Our data suggest that induction of plasma VTG using ovariectomized goldfish is a good tool for evaluating the estrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Quality control of the European Liver Transplant Registry: results of audit visits to the contributing centers

Background. The number of registries is increasing, but few of them perform reliability audits by comparing the data contained in the database with data contained in hospital charts. Methods. The European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) cocoordinating committee appointed an independent team to check the reliability of data contained in ELTR. Centers were selected at random. Ten percent of each center's files were selected at random, and 25 items per file were checked during the site visits. The rates of completeness and inconsistencies and the agreement between ELTR and charts were established. We also assessed the correlation between the quality of data and the visited centers' activity. Results. Seven hundred thirty-four files from 21 centers have been audited between June 1998 and June 2001. The rate of ELTR completeness was 95%, and the rate of consistency between charts and ELTR was 98%. The agreement between the ELTR and charts review was very good for all conditions (kappa value less than or equal to0.81). However, comparisons of rates between items indicated that specific items, mostly cause of death or graft failure and patient outcome, should be targeted for improvement. No significant correlation was found between the quality of data and the experience of visited centers. The mean (min-max) and median cost per audited file were EUR 60 (8-150) and EUR 44, respectively. Conclusion. The results of audit visits indicate that ELTR data are reliable, and the scientific results of ELTR can be considered credible and representative of liver transplantation in Europe. The method could serve as a model for auditing a registry