Computer Vision-Based Recognition of Pavement Crack Patterns Using Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Deep Neural Network, and Convolutional Neural Network

The performance and serviceability of asphalt pavements have a direct influence on people's daily lives. Timely detection of pavement cracks is crucial in the task of periodic pavement survey. This paper proposes and verifies a novel computer vision-based method for recognizing pavement crack patterns. Image processing techniques, including Gaussian steerable filters, projection integrals, and image texture analyses, are employed to characterize the surface condition of asphalt pavement roads. Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Deep Neural Network, and Convolutional Neural Network are employed to recognize various patterns including longitudinal, transverse, diagonal, minor fatigue, and severe fatigue cracks. A dataset, including 12,000 samples, has been collected to construct and verify the computer vision-based approaches. Based on experiments, it can be found that all three machine learning models are capable of delivering good categorization results with an accuracy rate > 0.93 and Cohen's Kappa coefficient > 0.76. Notably, the Light Gradient Boosting Machine has achieved the most desired performance with an accuracy rate > 0.96 and Cohen's Kappa coefficient > 0.88

Lagrange multipliers theorem and saddle point optimality criteria in mathematical programming

We prove a version of Lagrange multipliers theorem for nonsmooth functionals defined on normed spaces. Applying these results, we extend some results about saddle point optimality criteria in mathematical programming

Fuzzy gain scheduling control apply to an RC Hovercraft

The Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) methodology for tuning the Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) traditional controller parameters by scheduling controlled gains in different phases, is a simple and effective application both in industries and real-time complex models while assuring the high achievements over pass decades, is proposed in this article. The Fuzzy logic rules of the triangular membership functions are exploited on-line to verify the Gain Scheduling of the Proportional – Integral – Derivative controller gains in different stages because it can minimize the tracking control error and utilize the Integral of Time Absolute Error (ITAE) minima criterion of the controller design process. For that reason, the controller design could tune the system model in the whole operation time to display the efficiency in tracking error. It is then implemented in a novel Remote Controlled (RC) Hovercraft motion models to demonstrate better control performance in comparison with the PID conventional controller

Factors Affecting Intention to Purchase Voluntary Pension Insurance in Vietnam

The research was carried out with the aim to identify factors affecting the intention to purchase voluntary pension insurance in Vietnam. With data collected from 334 subjects across the country, mainly in Hanoi, the results showed that attitude towards risk, subjective norms, percieved behavioral control, past experiences and corporate branding have positive influences on the central factor, which is intent. After quantitative analysis, the study proposes recommendations for businesses to improve their services as well as methods of distribution to meet the needs of potential customers to save in pension funds. Additionally, the study will provide the basis for regulators to come up with measures to promote the retirement insurance market and at the same time, raise public awareness about social security. Keywords: voluntary pension insurances, pension funds, puchase intention, TPB, annuity. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-10-06 Publication date:May 31st 2021

Quantum Software Analytics: Opportunities and Challenges

Quantum computing systems depend on the principles of quantum mechanics to perform multiple challenging tasks more efficiently than their classical counterparts. In classical software engineering, the software life cycle is used to document and structure the processes of design, implementation, and maintenance of software applications. It helps stakeholders understand how to build an application. In this paper, we summarize a set of software analytics topics and techniques in the development life cycle that can be leveraged and integrated into quantum software application development. The results of this work can assist researchers and practitioners in better understanding the quantum-specific emerging development activities, challenges, and opportunities in the next generation of quantum software

A study on multi-criteria decision-making in powder mixed electric discharge machining cylindrical shaped parts

In life as well as in engineering, many times, it is necessary to choose the best option among many different options. That will be more difficult when the criteria given for the selection contradict each other. For example, when external cylindrical grinding, the minimum surface roughness requirement necessitates a small depth of cut and feed rate. The material removal rate will be reduced in this case, and this requirement will conflict with the maximum material removal rate requirement. To solve the above problem, a very useful tool is multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). In this paper, for the first time, MCDM results for powder mixed discharge machining (PMEDM) cylindrical parts of SKD11 tool steel with copper electrodes have been presented. In this work, eighteen experiments with the L18 (16×53) design using the Taguchi method were conducted. Six main input process parameters include the powder concentration, the pulse current, the servo voltage, the pulse on time, and the pulse off time. To select an alternative that simultaneously ensures two criteria including minimum surface roughness (RS) and maximum material removal speed (MRS), four different MCDM methods including MAIRCA (Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis), MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to Compromise Solution), TOPSIS (Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution), and EAMR (Area-based Method of Ranking) and two methods of criteria weight calculation including MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and Entropy methods were selected. The results of MCDM when PMEDM SKD11 tool steel cylindrical parts with two methods for weight determination and four methods for solving MCDM problem were evaluated. In addition, the best alternative to ensure simultaneous minimum RS and maximum MRS was proposed

Robust Adaptive Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller for 1-DOF Nonlaminated Active Magnetic Bearings

This paper presents a robust adaptive cerebellar model articulation controller (RACMAC) for 1-DOF nonlaminated active magnetic bearings (AMBs) to achieve desired positions for the rotor using a robust sliding mode control based. The dynamic model of 1-DOF nonlaminated AMB is introduced in fractional order equations. However, it is challenging to design a controller based on the model\u27s parameters due to undefined components and external disturbances such as eddy current losses in the actuator, external disturbance, variant parameters of the model while operating. In order to tackle the problem, RACMAC, which has a cerebellar model to estimate nonlinear disturbances, is investigated to resolve this problem. Based on this estimation, a robust adaptive controller that approximates the ideal and compensation controllers is calculated. The online parameters of the neural network are adjusted using Lyapunov\u27s stability theory to ensure the stability of system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.The simulation results indicate that the CMAC multiple nonlinear multiple estimators are close to the actual nonlinear disturbance value, and the effectiveness of the proposed RACMAC method compared with the FOPID and SMC controllers has been studied previously

Inverse analysis for transmissivity and the Red river bed's leakage factor for Pleistocene aquifer in Sen Chieu, Hanoi by pumping test under the river water level fluctuation

Aquifer parameters and riverbed hydraulic resistance to an aquifer have an important role in the quantitative assessment of groundwater sources, especially the aquifer recharge from river. The analytical determination of aquifer parameters and riverbed hydraulic resistance to the aquifer is rather complicated in case if the water level in the river fluctuates before and during the pumping test time. This is especially true for Pleistocene aquifer along the Red River in Hanoi city, where the riverbed has been changed very much during the recent decades. A trial-error inverse analysis in the parameters' determination by a group pumping test data obtained with a test located close to the Red river bank in Sen Chieu area, Phuc Tho district, Hanoi city was carried out. Before and during the pumping test time the water level in the river changed five times. The results have shown that the Pleistocene aquifer has a relatively high hydraulic conductivity of 55.5 m/day, which provides a good role in the transport of a large volume of water recharged by the river to the abstraction wells located near the river. The aquifer storage coefficient had lightly decreased with the pumping time, which is corresponding to the physical nature of that the aquifer stativity is a function of the aquifer pressure. A special point is worthwhile to be noted that the Red river bed resistance to the Pleistocene is very low, about 0.537 days, which is corresponding to the increase of the distance from the river bank further from the well in 28.4 m to have the river as a specified water level boundary of the aquifer. In contrast, the 1990's investigations had found that the Red river bed resistance to the Pleistocene aquifer to be about 130 days (Tran Minh, 1984), which is corresponding to the increase of the distance from the river bank further from the well in a thousand of meters to have the river as a specified water level boundary for the aquifer.ReferencesChristensen S., 2000. On the estimation of stream flow depletion parameters by drawdown analysis. Ground Water, 38(5), 726-734. Fetter C.W., 2001. Applied Hydrogeology. Prentice Hall-Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Fletcher G. Driscoll., 1987. Groundwater and Wells. Published by Johnson Division, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, USA.Fox G.A., 2004. Evaluation of a stream aquifer analysis test using analytical solutions and field data. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 40(3), 455-763. Hunt B., Wei J. and Clausen B., 2001. A stream depletion field experiment. Ground Water 39(2), 283-289. John H. Cushman and Daniel M. Tartakovsky (Editors), 2017. The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering. Third Edition. CRC Press. Taylors Francis Group. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300.Lough H.K. and Hunt B., 2006. Pumping test evaluation of stream depletion parameters. Ground Water. Jul-Aug, 44(4), 540-546. Mironhenco V.A. and Shestakov V.M., 1974. Fundamentals of hydromechanics. Publishers "Nedra", Moscow, Russia. Ne-Zheng Sun, 1994. Inverse Problems in Groundwater Modeling. Cluwer Academic Publishers. Nguyen Minh Lan, 2014. Report on "Study of the relationship between the Red river and groundwater, proposal of methods of determination of groundwater abstraction potential along the Red river from Son Tay to Hung Yen". Code: TNMT.02.33. Nguyen Quoc Thanh and Nguyen Van Hoang, 2007. Hydrogeomechanical processes affecting the stability of Red river dike's foundation and in the Son Tay-Ha Noi area. Hanoi Geoengineering 2007. International Conference Proceedings, 120-123. 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Sophocleous M., 2001. Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science. Hydrogeology Journal, 10, 52-67. Tong Ngoc Thanh, Trieu Duc Huy, Nguyen Van Kenh, Tong Thanh Tung,  Pham Ba Quyen, Nguyen Van Hoang, 2017. Methodology of determining effective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity of aquifer and the application to field tracer injection test in Southern Hanoi, Vietnam. Vietnam J. Earth Sci., 39(1), 57-75. Doi: 10.15625/0866-7187/39/1/9228. Tran Minh, 1984. Report on "Results of groundwater investigation in Hanoi area". Northern Union for Water Resources Planning and Investigation. Trieu Duc Huy (Project head), 2015. Proposal "Groundwater protection in large cities (Hanoi city)" and the project's implementation data and materials. Vietnam National Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation. Vu Tat Uyen and Le Manh Hung, 2011. Warning on the consequences of sand and gravel excavation in the Red river more than the annual bed load supply. 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