ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NGUỒN THỨC ĂN ĐẾN SỰ SINH TRƯỞNG CỦA GIUN ĐẤT Amynthas rodericensis (Grube, 1879) TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN NUÔI THỬ NGHIỆM

Amynthas rodericensis is a common earthworm species in Vietnam. The feeding material and substrate affect the growth and reproduction of earthworms. The individual size, total number, weight, and gain weight of earthworms under laboratory conditions were investigated. The experiment was designed with four treatments (100% pig manure; 75% pig manure and 25% substrate; 50% pig manure and 50% substrate; 25% pig manure and 75% substrate) with six replicates in a completely randomized design; the experiments lasted ten weeks. The maximum growth and reproduction of A. rodericensis are observed with 75% pig manure and 25% substrate.Amynthas rodericensis là loài giun đất phổ biến ở Việt Nam. Nguồn thức ăn và cơ chất là những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự sinh trưởng của giun đất nói chung và A. rodericensis nói riêng. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự sinh trưởng bao gồm kích thước, khối lượng cơ thể, số lượng cá thể và tăng trọng cơ thể. Thí nghiệm có bốn nghiệm thức tương ứng với các tỷ lệ phối trộn phân lợn và chất nền khác nhau (NT1: 100% phân lợn; NT2: 75% phân lợn và 25% chất nền; NT3: 50% phân lợn và 50% chất nền; NT4: 25% phân lợn và 75% chất nền); mỗi nghiệm thức lặp lại sáu lần, bố trí theo phương pháp ngẫu nhiên hoàn toàn và được theo dõi đến 10 tuần. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ phối trộn phân lợn với chất nền có ảnh hưởng khác nhau đến khả năng sinh trưởng của giun đất A. rodericensis. Sự sinh trưởng của giun cao nhất ở nghiệm thức NT2 (75% phân lợn và 25% chất nền)

Temporal fluctuation of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi haplotypes in the mekong river delta region of Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: typhoid fever remains a public health problem in Vietnam, with a significant burden in the Mekong River delta region. Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), which is frequently multidrug resistant with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolone-based drugs, the first choice for the treatment of typhoid fever. We used a GoldenGate (Illumina) assay to type 1,500 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyse the genetic variation of S. Typhi isolated from 267 typhoid fever patients in the Mekong delta region participating in a randomized trial conducted between 2004 and 2005. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: the population of S. Typhi circulating during the study was highly clonal, with 91% of isolates belonging to a single clonal complex of the S. Typhi H58 haplogroup. The patterns of disease were consistent with the presence of an endemic haplotype H58-C and a localised outbreak of S. Typhi haplotype H58-E2 in 2004. H58-E2-associated typhoid fever cases exhibited evidence of significant geo-spatial clustering along the Sông H u branch of the Mekong River. Multidrug resistance was common in the established clone H58-C but not in the outbreak clone H58-E2, however all H58 S. Typhi were nalidixic acid resistant and carried a Ser83Phe amino acid substitution in the gyrA gene. SIGNIFICANCE: the H58 haplogroup dominates S. Typhi populations in other endemic areas, but the population described here was more homogeneous than previously examined populations, and the dominant clonal complex (H58-C, -E1, -E2) observed in this study has not been detected outside Vietnam. IncHI1 plasmid-bearing S. Typhi H58-C was endemic during the study period whilst H58-E2, which rarely carried the plasmid, was only transient, suggesting a selective advantage for the plasmid. These data add insight into the outbreak dynamics and local molecular epidemiology of S. Typhi in southern Vietnam

Adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV-uninfected adults with tuberculous meningitis stratified by Leukotriene A4 hydrolase genotype (LAST ACT): Study protocol for a randomised double blind placebo controlled non-inferiority trial [version 1; referees: 2 approved]

Background: Tuberculosis kills more people than any other bacterial infection worldwide. In tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a common functional promoter variant (C/T transition) in the gene encoding leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), predicts pre-treatment inflammatory phenotype and response to dexamethasone in HIV-uninfected individuals. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether LTA4H genotype determines benefit or harm from adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-uninfected Vietnamese adults with TBM. The secondary aim is to investigate alternative management strategies in individuals who develop drug induced liver injury (DILI) that will enable the safe continuation of rifampicin and isoniazid therapy.  Methods: We will perform a parallel group, randomised (1:1), double blind, placebo-controlled,  multi-centre Phase III non-inferiority trial, comparing dexamethasone versus placebo for 6-8 weeks in addition to standard anti-tuberculosis treatment in HIV-uninfected patients with TBM stratified by LTA4H genotype. The primary endpoint will be death or new neurological event. The trial will enrol approximately 720 HIV-uninfected adults with a clinical diagnosis of TBM, from two hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 640 participants with CC or CT- LTA4H genotype will be randomised to either dexamethasone or placebo, and the remaining TT- genotype participants will be treated with standard-of-care dexamethasone. We will also perform a randomised comparison of three management strategies for anti-tuberculosis DILI. An identical ancillary study will also be perfomed in the linked randomised controlled trial of dexamethasone in HIV-infected adults with TBM (ACT HIV).  Discussion: Previous data have shown that LTA4H genotype may be a critical determinant of inflammation and consequently of adjunctive anti-inflammatory treatment response in TBM. We will stratify dexamethasone therapy according to LTA4H genotype in HIV-uninfected adults, which may indicate a role for targeted anti-inflammatory therapy according to variation in LTA4H C/T transition. A comparison of DILI management strategies may allow the safe continuation of rifampicin and isoniazid

Contrôle santé intégré passif par ondes élastiques guidées de tuyauteries pour applications nucléaires et pétrolières

Thèse sous embargo de l'auteur jusqu'au 10-05-2022. Pour les membres de la communauté universitaire (hors UPHF), ce document est accessible via le Prêt entre bibliothèques (s'adresser à votre bibliothèque universitaire).Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors into a structure in order to monitor its health inreal time throughout its lifetime. The research works carried out in this thesis aimed at developing a new approachof SHM for the detection of corrosion/erosion in pipes. This manuscript presents a new quantitative imaging method,called passive elastic guided wave tomography, based on the use of an embedded network of piezoelectric sensors(PZT) listening and analyzing only the ambient elastic noise which is naturally generated by the fluid circulation inpipes. This passive method offers many advantages for a SHM system, such as reduction of energy consumption,simplified electronics and ability to perform an inspection while the structure is in operation. In addition, thispassive method makes SHM systems possible to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) which have several advantagesover traditional PZT sensors (low intrusivity, resistance to harsh environments, etc.) but which are not able to emitwaves. A first demonstration of the feasibility of corrosion/erosion imaging by FBG is illustrated experimentallythanks to a result obtained by hybrid tomography in which wave emission is performed by PZT and reception byFBG. All these works offer promising perspectives for the application of passive tomography on industrial structuresusing a pure FBG system. Among the various results presented in this thesis, we also show that corrosion/erosiondefects can be characterized by tomography on a straight pipe without the need for a baseline measurement in apristine state. It is feasible by using a new method of auto-calibration of the data used for tomography. The absenceof baseline measurement makes the method very reliable and avoid false alarms of the system. Finally, preliminarystudies on tomography for more complex structures such as a bended pipe have been realized and validated throughsimulations.Le contrôle santé des structures (plus connu sous l’acronyme SHM pour Structural Health Monitoring) consisteà intégrer des capteurs dans une structure afin de suivre son état de santé en temps réel tout au long de sa vie.Les travaux de recherche menés dans cette thèse avaient pour objectif de développer une nouvelle approchede SHM pour la détection de corrosion/érosion dans les tuyaux. Ce manuscrit présente une nouvelle méthoded’imagerie quantitative, dite tomographie passive par ondes élastiques guidées, basée sur l’utilisation d’un réseauembarqué de capteurs piézoélectriques (PZT) écoutant et analysant uniquement le bruit élastique ambiant générénaturellement par la circulation de fluide dans des tuyaux. Cette technique passive offre de nombreux atouts pourun système SHM comme une diminution de sa consommation énergétique, un système électronique simplifié etla possibilité de réaliser une inspection lorsque la structure est en fonctionnement. La méthode passive permetaussi d’utiliser des nouveaux capteurs de type réseaux de Bragg sur fibre optique (FBG) qui présentent plusieursavantages par rapport aux capteurs classiques PZT (faible intrusivité, possibilité de multiplexage, résistance auxenvironnements sévères, etc.) mais qui ne sont pas capable d’émettre des ondes. Une première démonstration defaisabilité d’imagerie de corrosion/érosion par FBG est illustrée expérimentalement au travers d’une tomographiehybride dans laquelle l’émission d’ondes est réalisée par PZT et la réception par FBG. Toutes ces études offrent desperspectives prometteuses en vue de l’application de la tomographie passive sur des structures industrielles à l’aided’un système purement FBG. Parmi les principaux résultats présentés dans la thèse, nous montrons que les défautsde corrosion/érosion peuvent être caractérisés par tomographie sur un tube droit sans nécessité de recourir à unétat de référence. Cela est faisable à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode d’auto-calibration des données développée danscette thèse et utilisée pour réaliser l’imagerie par tomographie. L’absence d’un état de référence rend la méthodetrès fiable et limite les fausses alarmes du système. Finalement, des études préliminaires de tomographie sur desstructures plus complexes comme un tube coudé ont été menées et validées numériquement

Passive structural health monitoring of pipes by elastic guided waves for nuclear and oil&gas applications

Le contrôle santé des structures (plus connu sous l’acronyme SHM pour Structural Health Monitoring) consisteà intégrer des capteurs dans une structure afin de suivre son état de santé en temps réel tout au long de sa vie.Les travaux de recherche menés dans cette thèse avaient pour objectif de développer une nouvelle approchede SHM pour la détection de corrosion/érosion dans les tuyaux. Ce manuscrit présente une nouvelle méthoded’imagerie quantitative, dite tomographie passive par ondes élastiques guidées, basée sur l’utilisation d’un réseauembarqué de capteurs piézoélectriques (PZT) écoutant et analysant uniquement le bruit élastique ambiant générénaturellement par la circulation de fluide dans des tuyaux. Cette technique passive offre de nombreux atouts pourun système SHM comme une diminution de sa consommation énergétique, un système électronique simplifié etla possibilité de réaliser une inspection lorsque la structure est en fonctionnement. La méthode passive permetaussi d’utiliser des nouveaux capteurs de type réseaux de Bragg sur fibre optique (FBG) qui présentent plusieursavantages par rapport aux capteurs classiques PZT (faible intrusivité, possibilité de multiplexage, résistance auxenvironnements sévères, etc.) mais qui ne sont pas capable d’émettre des ondes. Une première démonstration defaisabilité d’imagerie de corrosion/érosion par FBG est illustrée expérimentalement au travers d’une tomographiehybride dans laquelle l’émission d’ondes est réalisée par PZT et la réception par FBG. Toutes ces études offrent desperspectives prometteuses en vue de l’application de la tomographie passive sur des structures industrielles à l’aided’un système purement FBG. Parmi les principaux résultats présentés dans la thèse, nous montrons que les défautsde corrosion/érosion peuvent être caractérisés par tomographie sur un tube droit sans nécessité de recourir à unétat de référence. Cela est faisable à l’aide d’une nouvelle méthode d’auto-calibration des données développée danscette thèse et utilisée pour réaliser l’imagerie par tomographie. L’absence d’un état de référence rend la méthodetrès fiable et limite les fausses alarmes du système. Finalement, des études préliminaires de tomographie sur desstructures plus complexes comme un tube coudé ont été menées et validées numériquement.Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) consists in embedding sensors into a structure in order to monitor its health inreal time throughout its lifetime. The research works carried out in this thesis aimed at developing a new approachof SHM for the detection of corrosion/erosion in pipes. This manuscript presents a new quantitative imaging method,called passive elastic guided wave tomography, based on the use of an embedded network of piezoelectric sensors(PZT) listening and analyzing only the ambient elastic noise which is naturally generated by the fluid circulation inpipes. This passive method offers many advantages for a SHM system, such as reduction of energy consumption,simplified electronics and ability to perform an inspection while the structure is in operation. In addition, thispassive method makes SHM systems possible to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) which have several advantagesover traditional PZT sensors (low intrusivity, resistance to harsh environments, etc.) but which are not able to emitwaves. A first demonstration of the feasibility of corrosion/erosion imaging by FBG is illustrated experimentallythanks to a result obtained by hybrid tomography in which wave emission is performed by PZT and reception byFBG. All these works offer promising perspectives for the application of passive tomography on industrial structuresusing a pure FBG system. Among the various results presented in this thesis, we also show that corrosion/erosiondefects can be characterized by tomography on a straight pipe without the need for a baseline measurement in apristine state. It is feasible by using a new method of auto-calibration of the data used for tomography. The absenceof baseline measurement makes the method very reliable and avoid false alarms of the system. Finally, preliminarystudies on tomography for more complex structures such as a bended pipe have been realized and validated throughsimulations

Passive tomography by elastic guided wave for corrosion detection in pipelines

International audienc

Experimental validation of transient spectral finite element simulation tools dedicated to guided wave based structural health monitoring

International audienceIn guided wave structural health monitoring (GW-SHM), a strong need for reliable and fast simulation tools has been expressed throughout the literature to optimize SHM systems or demonstrate performance. Even though guided wave simulations can be conducted with most finite elements software packages, computational and hardware costs are always prohibitive for large simulation campaigns. A novel SHM module has been recently added to the civa software and relies on unassembled high-order finite elements to overcome these limitations. This article focuses on the thorough validation of civa for SHM to identify the limits of the models. After introducing the key elements of the civa SHM solution, a first validation is presented on a stainless steel pipe representative of the oil and gas industry. Second, validation is conducted on a composite panel with and without stiffener representative of some structures in the aerospace industry. Results show a good match between the experimental and simulated datasets, but only if the input parameters are fully determined before the simulations