Vietnamese–Japanese Diplomatic and Commercial Relations in the Seventeenth Century

Session statement 1: Diplomacy as Cultural Interaction in Early-modern East Asi

Child Sexual Assault in Vietnam: A Legislative Approach and Comparison

Children are the future owners of the country, also the object of protection, nurture, education in the best conditions by family, school and society. Viet Nam has always paid special attention to children, with the view that human beings are both the target and the driving force behind the development of a socialist-oriented country. Although children are important to be protected by society, the reality is that in recent times more cases have been committed to the lives and health of children and particularly with child sexual assaults. In recent times, many cases of child sexual abuse with harmful consequences and delicate and dangerous nature have been discovered that show the alarming level of this crime. According to the General Department of Police (GDP) of Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam, in the past five years (2013 - 2017), an average of 1,600 to 1,800 cases of child abuse were detected. In 2017 alone, 1,592 cases were detected. In the first 6 months of 2018, more than 700 cases were reported, with the majority being girls, accounting for 80%. Actual numbers of undetected child sex abuse may be even higher. This crime also appears in most of the provinces and cities across the country of Vietnam. This situation is due to many objective and subjective reasons requiring timely study, supplementing and perfecting the theory, summing up the practical work, from which to organize preventive and preventive measures. To find solutions to improve the efficiency of this crime prevention effectively, minimizing the possible consequences for society. The main aims of this paper focus on reviewing and analysing the regulation in criminal law of Viet Nam to regulate these types of crime. Keywords: Child sexual abuse; Criminal code; law enforcement; Vietna

Influences of heating temperatures on physical properties, spray characteristics of bio-oils and fuel supply system of a conventional diesel engine

Alternative fuels need to satisfy the strict requirements of the use for diesel engines aiming at enhancing the performance and reducing pollutant emissions. The use of straight bio-oils for diesel engines entails improving their disadvantages such as high density, high surface tension and kinematic viscosity (tri-physical parameters). There have been some as-used methods for reduction of the above-mentioned negative effects related to straight bio-oil disadvantage, however, the adequately-heating method may be considered as a simple one helping the physical parameters of straight bio-oils to reach stable and highly-confident values which are close to those of traditional diesel fuel. As a consequence, the spray and atomization, combustion, performance, and emissions of diesel engines fueled with preheated bio-oils are improved. In this work, a study of the dependence of the density, surface tension and kinematic viscosity of coconut oil (a type of bio-oils) on temperatures (from 40-110oC) within a wide variety are conducted. In the first stage, the influence study of temperature on tri-physical parameters is carried out on the basis of experimental correlation and as-described mathematical equation. In the second stage, the influence study of tri-physical parameters on spray and atomization parameters including penetration length (Lb) and Sauter mean diameter (SMD), and the influence of tri-physical parameters on fuel supply system are investigated. The optimal range of temperature for the as-used bio-oils is found after analyzing and evaluating the obtained results regarding the physical properties and spray characteristics, as well as compared with those of diesel fuel. The confident level over 95% from the regression correlation equation between the above-mentioned tri-physical parameters and temperature is presented. Additionally, the measured spray parameters, the calculated values of frictional head loss and fuel flow rate are thoroughly reported. 

シノレクフィブロイン樹脂の作製と加熱延伸による強化

本論文は、シルク粉末からホットプレス法によりフィブロインタンパク質が樹脂化した樹脂を作製し、さらにこの樹脂にエタノール処理や沸騰水処理を施し、最後に加熱延伸を施すことにより三点曲げ特性の向上を図るものである。まず、精練を施していないベトナム産家蚕のシルク、野蚕のエリシルクからボールミルにより粉砕紛を用意し、樹脂化を試みた。圧力31.2MPa、温度150℃のホットプレス条件において、7日間乾燥後の樹脂の三点曲げ強度と弾性率は、野蚕のエリシルクの場合の95 MPaと8.2 GPaに対し、家蚕のシルク粉末の場合は122 MPaと8.7 GPaまで増加した。これらの三曲げ特性は、乾燥時間が長時間ほど増加した。これまで、精練した屑絹を中性塩水溶液に溶かした後、脱塩・乾燥により得られたシルク粉末の樹脂化が報告されているが、精練前のシルク粉末を用いることにより工程の大幅な省略ばかりか、樹脂の三点曲げ特性の向上を確認した。なお、樹脂化と乾燥による二次構造の変化は、家蚕のシルク粉末からの樹脂の場合、樹脂化と乾燥によりランダムコイル構造からβ-sheet構造が増加し、一方、エリシルク粉末からの樹脂の場合は、樹脂化により一時的にβ-sheetが伸びきった状態のβ-strand 構造が増加し、さらに乾燥によりβ-sheet構造の増加することが確認された。次に、樹脂の160℃における加熱延伸を行った。液状シルクからキャスト法により作製したシルクフィルムでは、エタノールのような極性溶媒に浸漬したり、水蒸気処理を施したり、さらには圧縮、延伸のような機械加工を施したりするとシルクII（β-sheet構造）を生成する。そこで、樹脂についてもこれらの効果を試すことにした。先ず、精練を施していないベトナム産家蚕のシルク、野蚕のエリシルクの粉砕粉から作製した樹脂の場合、いずれの場合も僅か10%の圧下率で耳割れが生じてしまった。これらの場合は、樹脂に流動性をもたらす結合水が不足し、十分な延伸が出来なかったものと推定される。一方、精練した屑絹から作製したシルク粉末の場合、50%の圧下率まで加熱延伸が可能であった。また、三点曲げ強度（弾性率）は、ホットプレス後の樹脂を所定濃度の常温のエタノールに浸漬するエタノール処理を施してから加熱延伸を施すと、エタノール濃度50％、圧下率50%において192 MPa（10.2 GPa）、一方、樹脂を沸騰水に浸漬する沸騰水処理を施してから加熱延伸を施すと、同じく圧下率50%においてスーパーエンプラを凌駕する229 MPa（12.5 GPa）まで達した。三点曲げ特性は樹脂中の水分量に依存し、2.4wt%付近の水分量で最大値に達していた。エタノール処理は脱水、沸騰水処理は加水しながら可塑剤として作用する水分量を制御しているに過ぎないことがわかった。樹脂の三点曲げ特性は、アミドＩ／アミドＩＩの強度比に依存し、β-sheet 構造のAggregate strands とIntramolecular linkが多いほど増加し、樹脂に加熱延伸が加わっても二次構造に大きな変化は見られず、むしろXRDにより結晶化度の僅かな増加と、配向が確認された。This thesis focuses on fabricating the fibroin resins through resinification of silk powder with the hot-pressing process and subsequently strengthening by the hot-rolling process with ethanol treatment and water boiling treatment. First, silk powders are obtained from Bombyx mori and Eri silk waste fibers before the degumming process. The powders are fabricated into resins via simple hot pressing under a pressure of 31.2 MPa at a temperature of 150 °C. The results indicate that the B. mori resins have higher micro-Vickers hardness, three-point bending strength, and elastic modulus (66 Hv, 122 MPa, and 8.7 GPa, respectively) compared to the Eri silk resins (58 Hv, 95 MPa, and 8.2 GPa, respectively). The better mechanical properties of the fibroin resins are related directly to longer drying times. Comparing to the resin of the previous study, it is confirmed that the use of the silk powder before degumming improved the mechanical properties of the fibroin resins. In the case of B. mori silk resins, the β-sheet structure was transformed from the random coil structure upon resinification and drying. Furthermore, the secondary structure of the Eri resin was converted from a random coil structure to the β-strand structure and continued converting to the β-sheet structure upon resinification and drying, respectively. Then, the silk resins produced by the hot-press was strengthened by hot-rolling with ethanol treatment or water boiling treatment. The maximum rolling reduction ratio was 50% for resin derived from commercially available silk powder, however, it was not possible even at lower reduction ratio (10%) for both resins derived from the pulverized powders of B. mori silk and Eri silk threads. It is clear that the resins derived from the pulverized powder of B. mori silk thread and Eri silk thread cannot be processed by hot-rolling; this possibly due strong silk fibroin peptide strand structure. In the case of silk resins derived from commercial available silk powder, the maximum bending strengths and elastic modulus reached up to 192 MPa and 10.2 GPa for ethanol treatment, and 229 MPa and 12.5 GPa, for water boiling treatment, which is higher than those of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin which is one of super engineering plastics were obtained. The three-point bending characteristics depended on the water content in the resin and reached the maximum value at a water content around 2.4 wt%. It has been found that the ethanol treatment and the water boiling treatment only control the amount of water acting as a plasticizer by dehydration and water addition, respectively. On the other hand, findings show that the silk resin after treatment with the higher Amide I intensity promoted to the hot-rolling process better than that of the silk resins before hot-rolling with the lower Amide I intensity. Finally, higher content of aggregate strands and Intramolecular link of β-sheets analyzed by ATR-FTIR and XRD data, respectively and higher the crystallinity index and higher orientation of the crystal structure, directly reflected higher bending properties.室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士（工学

Cross-layer scheduling and transmission strategies for energy-constrained wireless networks

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH