Vertically aligned InGaN nanowires with engineered axial In composition for highly efficient visible light emission.

We report on the fabrication of novel InGaN nanowires (NWs) with improved crystalline quality and high radiative efficiency for applications as nanoscale visible light emitters. Pristine InGaN NWs grown under a uniform In/Ga molar flow ratio (UIF) exhibited multi-peak white-like emission and a high density of dislocation-like defects. A phase separation and broad emission with non-uniform luminescent clusters were also observed for a single UIF NW investigated by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence. Hence, we proposed a simple approach based on engineering the axial In content by increasing the In/Ga molar flow ratio at the end of NW growth. This new approach yielded samples with a high luminescence intensity, a narrow emission spectrum, and enhanced crystalline quality. Using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, the UIF NWs exhibited a long radiative recombination time (τr) and low internal quantum efficiency (IQE) due to strong exciton localization and carrier trapping in defect states. In contrast, NWs with engineered In content demonstrated three times higher IQE and a much shorter τr due to mitigated In fluctuation and improved crystal quality

Joint Channel Estimation and Phase Noise Suppression for OFDM Systems

The joint channel estimation and phase noise suppression scheme for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed for a case where channel estimation is needed symbol by symbol. In the proposed scheme, channel estimation and phase noise suppression are performed iteratively via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed algorithm mitigates the performance degradation due to phase noise effectively while providing the accurate channel estimate with comparatively few pilot subcarriers so that the spectral efficiency of an OFDM system is improved

Marital Status and Mortality among Middle Age and Elderly Men and Women in Urban Shanghai

Previous studies have suggested that marital status is associated with mortality, but few studies have been conducted in China where increasing aging population and divorce rates may have major impact on health and total mortality.We examined the association of marital status with mortality using data from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (1996–2009) and Shanghai Men's Health Study (2002–2009), two population-based cohort studies of 74,942 women aged 40–70 years and 61,500 men aged 40–74 years at the study enrollment. Deaths were identified by biennial home visits and record linkage with the vital statistics registry. Marital status was categorized as married, never married, divorced, widowed, and all unmarried categories combined. Cox regression models were used to derive hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Unmarried and widowed women had an increased all-cause HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21 and HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.20 respectively) and cancer (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.32 and HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.34 respectively) mortality. Never married women had excess all-cause mortality (HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.09). Divorce was associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in women (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.13) and elevated all-cause mortality (HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.86) in men. Amongst men, not being married was associated with excess all-cause (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.88) and CVD (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.54) mortality.Marriage is associated with decreased all cause mortality and CVD mortality, in particular, among both Chinese men and women

On the Infra-Red Spectra of Solutions of O-Chlorophenol and Phenol

<p><b>a–d Immunoblotting of different proteins in control and study groups of gastric adenocarcinoma.</b> (a) Representative immunoblots of different target proteins in gastric epithelium of the control and study groups (from patients 1 to 4) with GAPDH as a loading control. M, marker. Relative protein abundance of NKA α1 (b), NKA β1 (c), and E-cadherin (d) in gastric epithelium of the control and study groups. The asterisks indicate a significant difference between the control and study groups. Values were expressed as the means ± SEM. A.u., arbitrary unit. ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.</p