Models of Economically Rational Donator

Altruism, interests of the community, strategy of the rational donator, mathematical models of economic behavior

Poptávková funkce na trhu s pojištěním: porovnání maximalizace paretovské pravděpodobnosti přežití s teorií EUT von Neumanna a Morgensterna a s prospektovou teorií Kahnemana a Tverského (available in Czech only)

This paper presents the results of a comparison of an original theoretical concept of modeling human decisions under risk with two well-known models. In the paper the demand function for insurance is constructed for the model of maximization of the probability of agent’s (economical) survival. This demand function is compared with the demand function in two other models: the expected-utility theory (von Neumann, Morgenstern) and the asymmetric value function (Kahneman, Tversky). While in the expected-utility model the poorest agents are most interested in insurance, in the Kahneman-Tversky model the poorest agents do not buy insurance because of their liking for risk. The model of maximisation of the probability of survival corresponds better to the real structure of the insured: neither extremely rich people, nor extremely poor people accept insurance contracts. The former do not accept the game because of the negative expected value of the gains. For the latter the insurance is too expensive in relation to their income.human decisions under risk, probability of agent’s survival, expected-utility theory, asymmetric value function

"Morální hazard" a "nepříznivý výběr" při maximalizaci pravděpodobnosti ekonomického přežití / Moral hazard and adverse selection when survival probability is maximized [available in Czech only]

This paper analyses problems within the asymmetric information models (principal agent models) where we replace standard assumption of maximisation of expected income by maximisation of probability of economic survival. This paper concentrates on two basic models- adverse selection model and moral hazard model. In both cases the effect of asymmetry of information gets weaker or even disappears. Contrary to standard approach the competitive Pareto effective equilibrium could exists in both models with pooled contract with full coverage of possible accident by the principalprincipal-agent problem, moral hazard; adverse selection; probability of survival, Pareto distribution of probability

Microeconomic models of externality market, generalized Coase theorem/Mikroekonomické modely trhu s externalitami, zobecněný Coaseho teorém (available in czech only)

Three original microeconomic models of an externality market are described: (1) model of the marketable permits for exhalations emission, (2) model of optimal financial satisfaction of a damage caused by a negative externality in the economy with agents maximizing probability of their survival (generalized Coase theorem) and (3) model of optimal financial favor for agents provided a positive externalitynegative externalities, marketable permits for exhalations, generalized Coase theorem, maximizing of the probability of an economic survival, positive externalities

Poptávková funkce na trhu s pojištěním: porovnání maximalizace paretovské pravděpodobnosti přežití s teorií EUT von-Neumanna a Morgensterna a s prospektovou teorií Kahnemana a Tverského / Demand for Insurance: Comparison of von Neumann-Morgenstern's and Kahneman-Tverovsky's Approaches [available in Czech only]

This paper shows results of comparison of the original theoretical conception of modeling human decisions under risk with two well known models. In the paper the demand function for insurance is constructed for the model of maximization of the probability of agent’s (economical) survival. This demand function is compared with the demand function in two models: the expected-utility theory (von-Neumann, Morgenstern) and the asymmetric value function (Kahnemann, Tversky). While in the expected-utility model the purest agents are interested in insurance in the first place, in the model of Kahnemann-Tversky purest agents do not buy insurance because of their liking for risk. The model of maximization of the probability of survival corresponds better to the real structure of insured: neither extremely rich people, nor extremely poor people accept insurance contracts. The first ones do not accept the game because of negative expected value of gains, for the second ones is the insurance – in relation to their income - too expensive.moral hazard; adverse selection; Pareto survival distribution

Robustness of VoIP Systems

Katedra telekomunikační technik

Nabídková funkce ve vysokoškolském vzdělávání / Supply of university education [available in Czech only]

In this paper we construct a supply function of university education, i.e. the dependence of the supply (the number of places for students) on its price, i.e. on the revenue of university (either from scholarship or from state support) per student. We derive our results from an optimization model. We suppose, that every university in every period maximizes the probability if its survival. Universities are threatened on the one hand by insufficient income and on the other hand by escape of teachers and by the loss of accreditation. Driving variables are the size of scholarship and the teacher salary. In our simulation experiments we analyze an impact of three alternatives of financing of the universities: only from tuition-fee scholarship, only from state subsidy and combined financing. Surprisingly ceteris paribus (including the same incomes) the alternative „only tuition fees“ is the worst as far as the teacher salary is concerned, there are significantly less teachers in the alternative „only tuition fees“, and there are significantly more students in the alternative „only governmental subsidy“. For every alternative of financing supply function was derived.financing in the educational sector; maximization of survival probability; supply function of university education; optimal tuition-fee; optimal teacher salary

Economic Criteria in the Nonprofit Environment

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Availability model for virtualized platforms

Network virtualization is a method of providing virtual instances of physical networks. Virtualized networks are widely used with virtualized servers, forming a powerful dynamically reconfigurable platform. In this paper we discuss the impact of network virtualization on the overall system availability. We describe a system reflecting the network architecture usually deployed in today’s data centres. The proposed system is modelled using Markov chains and fault trees. We compare the availability of virtualized system using standard physique network with the availability of virtualized system using virtualized network. Network virtualization introduces a new software layer to the network architecture. The proposed availability model integrates software failures in addition to the hardware failures. Based on the estimated numerical failure rates, we analyse system’s availability

Crisis oral history: Towards field research in times of crisis

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