Apple and Pear Cultivars for Organic Production in a Cool Climate

Only early ripening cultivars of apples and pears may be grown successfully in the short and rather cool growth season of the fruit producing areas of Norway. Due to a combination of high yield, good fruit quality and scab resistance, the Swedish cultivar ‘Aroma’ is recommended as major cultivar for organic apple production today. ’Philip’ is recommended as cultivar for organic pear production. During 5 years 21 apple cultivars and 15 pear cultivars have been tested in organic orchards in comparison with ‘Aroma’ and ‘Philip’. Several cultivars in the trial are promising for use in organic production

ECPGR recommended simple sequence repeat loci for analyses of European plum (Prunus domestica) collections

A set of nine Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, approved by the ECPGR Prunus working group, are proposed as a standard set for genotyping European plum accessions. These loci show sufficient reliability in spite of problems caused by hexaploidy. Polymorphism in the loci is high and enables differentiation between unique plum accessions as well as analyses of genetic grouping and overall genetic structure. A set of seven reference accessions are described. A compiled dataset with allelic information for 165 accessions is presented. Genetic structure reveals three different K-values (2, 4 and 9) demonstrating a major dichotomy between Prunus insititia-related accessions and cultivars belonging to Prunus domestica sensu stricto, as well as differentiation among minor subgroups defined by pomological traits and geographical origin

Genetic Characterization of the Norwegian Apple Collection

Commercial fruit production in Norway is located at around latitude 60 degrees north, demanding a careful choice of adapted cultivars. The most comprehensive collection of apple genetic resources in Norway is being kept in the Norwegian Apple Collection (NAC) at the Njos Fruit and Berry Centre (NJOS). The collection contains around 350 accessions and was recently genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Curated SNP data were used for the assessment of structure and diversity, pedigree confirmation, and core collection development. In the following SNP analysis, we identified several duplicates and parent-child relationships. Across the geographic regions represented, the collection was equally diverse. Different methods for analyzing population structure were applied. K-means clustering and a Bayesian modeling approach with prior assumptions of the data revealed five subpopulations associated with geographic breeding centers. The collection has a distinct genetic structure and low relatedness among the accessions; hence, two core collections with 100 accessions in each were created. These new core collections will allow breeders and researchers to use the NAC efficiently. The results from this study suggest that several of the accessions in the Norwegian Apple Collection could be of high importance for breeding purposes

Nordiska äpplen - projekt NordApp

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Nordiska äpplen – projekt NordApp

Frukt av många olika slag odlas över hela världen, och utgör en viktig del av den totala livsmedelsförsörjningen. I varmare länder är mångfalden stor – former och färger bildar en förförande palett om man besöker en fruktmarknad, liksom doft och smak hos de frukter man väljer att bekanta sig närmare med. I de nordiska länderna sätter klimatet dessvärre stopp för merparten av dessa frukter – men vi har lyckligtvis några, främst kärn- och stenfrukter inom familjen Rosaceae. Äpple har sålunda odlats i de nordiska länderna sedan början av medeltiden, och detta är numera vår i särklass viktigaste frukt, såväl kulturellt som ekonomiskt. Vissa utländska äpplesorter fungerar ganska bra i odling även på våra breddgrader men för merparten blir den korta vegetationsperioden och de stränga vintrarna övermäktiga hinder. Offentligt finansierade växtförädlingsprogram har därför bedrivits i Finland, Norge och Sverige för att ta fram klimatanpassade sorter. På senare tid har ökad omsorg om miljö och hälsa aktualiserat ytterligare ett förädlingsmål: resistens mot olika skadegörare

Norsk landbruksforskning : pære - eit oversyn over historisk utvikling, produksjon, genetisk variasjon og foredling

This study of the literature on pears and pear breeding deals with Pyrus systematics, gene centers and species development. The history and development of the European pear (Pyrus communis L.), both worldwide and within the Nordic countries, are presented. The production of pears is tabulated and production trends in different countries are discussed. Localization of production is described and the development and irnportance of Norwegian pear production are reviewed. The quality, nutritive value, and uses of pears are summerized along with rnarket trends. A brief description is given of the 10 main varieties of European pear, and their importance in different countries. The two main varieties of Oriental pear are described, and varieties of other Pyrus sp. are mentioned. The main varieties of pears in the Nordic countries are listed and the differences in variety assortment within each respective country are presented. Variety development, commercial production and development in quality and prices of the main varieties in Norway are also discussed. A brief review of the rootstocks available for pears is also given. Pyrus germ plasm has been recorded from the literature, and variations in tree charcter, fruit character, resistance and chromosome number are exemplified by species, varieties and selections. The section on breeding summarizes breeding history, breeding systems, breeding methods and breeding programs. The breeding programs at East Malling, I.N.R.A. Angers, Balsgård, USDA, Kearneysville and Harrow are described fairly accurately with regard to breeding methods and results, and other breeding stations throughout the world are mentioned

Norsk landbruksforskning : pære - eit oversyn over historisk utvikling, produksjon, genetisk variasjon og foredling

SupplementThis study of the literature on pears and pear breeding deals with Pyrus systematics, gene centers and species development. The history and development of the European pear (Pyrus communis L.), both worldwide and within the Nordic countries, are presented. The production of pears is tabulated and production trends in different countries are discussed. Localization of production is described and the development and irnportance of Norwegian pear production are reviewed. The quality, nutritive value, and uses of pears are summerized along with rnarket trends. A brief description is given of the 10 main varieties of European pear, and their importance in different countries. The two main varieties of Oriental pear are described, and varieties of other Pyrus sp. are mentioned. The main varieties of pears in the Nordic countries are listed and the differences in variety assortment within each respective country are presented. Variety development, commercial production and development in quality and prices of the main varieties in Norway are also discussed. A brief review of the rootstocks available for pears is also given. Pyrus germ plasm has been recorded from the literature, and variations in tree charcter, fruit character, resistance and chromosome number are exemplified by species, varieties and selections. The section on breeding summarizes breeding history, breeding systems, breeding methods and breeding programs. The breeding programs at East Malling, I.N.R.A. Angers, Balsgård, USDA, Kearneysville and Harrow are described fairly accurately with regard to breeding methods and results, and other breeding stations throughout the world are mentioned

Blømingstider, pollenspiring og fruktsetjing hjå plommesortar – resultat frå plommeforedlinga ved Graminor Njøs.

Graminor Njøs har dei siste 20 åra gjennomført eit kryssingprogram i plommer (Prunus domestica L.) Føremålet har vore og er å skaffa norske fruktdyrkarar sortar som gjev stor avling med kvalitetsfrukt og som er tilpassa det norske klimaet. I denne rapporten er teke med kryssingsresultat frå sortar som er eller har vore i dyrking i Noreg dei siste åra. Rapporten presenterer også førebels data på blomstringstid og pollenspiring .Detaljert informasjon om sortane som er omtala i rapporten er presenterte på web-sida www.fruktsorter.no.publishedVersio

The Effective Pollination Period of European Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Cultivars in Western Norway

This study evaluated the effective pollination period (EPP) in four European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars ('Mallard', 'Edda', 'Jubileum', and 'Reeves') during two years (2018-2019) under the environmental conditions in western Norway. The pollination of plum cultivars was carried out one, three, five, seven, and nine days after anthesis (DAA) with a pollen mix of two compatible cultivars ('Victoria' and 'Opal'). Initial, middle-season, and final fruit set was recorded after one month and two months after pollination and just before the harvest, respectively. On average from both years cultivar 'Jubileum' had the highest fruit set when pollinated one, three, five, seven, and nine DAA (33.23%, 30.83%, 8.47%, 3.08%, and 1.15%, respectively), which was more than two folds higher fruit set than in the other studied cultivars. Cultivar 'Jubileum' showed significantly reduced fruit set between pollination on five and nine DAA, while cultivars 'Mallard', 'Edda', and 'Reeves' had markedly reduced fruit set if pollinated three to five DAA, implying that the EPP in 'Jubileum' was five days while in the rest it was three days. Variation of weather conditions during the flowering period in both years did not have a major effect on the receptivity of stigmas in the studied plum cultivars, which means that the existing differences in the length of EPP is maternal-genotype dependent

The effective pollination period of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars in western Norway

This study evaluated the effective pollination period (EPP) in four European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars (‘Mallard’, ‘Edda’, ‘Jubileum’, and ‘Reeves’) during two years (2018–2019) under the environmental conditions in western Norway. The pollination of plum cultivars was carried out one, three, five, seven, and nine days after anthesis (DAA) with a pollen mix of two compatible cultivars (‘Victoria’ and ‘Opal’). Initial, middle-season, and final fruit set was recorded after one month and two months after pollination and just before the harvest, respectively. On average from both years cultivar ‘Jubileum’ had the highest fruit set when pollinated one, three, five, seven, and nine DAA (33.23%, 30.83%, 8.47%, 3.08%, and 1.15%, respectively), which was more than two folds higher fruit set than in the other studied cultivars. Cultivar ‘Jubileum’ showed significantly reduced fruit set between pollination on five and nine DAA, while cultivars ‘Mallard’, ‘Edda’, and ‘Reeves’ had markedly reduced fruit set if pollinated three to five DAA, implying that the EPP in ‘Jubileum’ was five days while in the rest it was three days. Variation of weather conditions during the flowering period in both years did not have a major effect on the receptivity of stigmas in the studied plum cultivars, which means that the existing differences in the length of EPP is maternal-genotype dependent