Mathematical modeling of absorption behavior of acid dye onto wool fibre using law of conservation of mass

The absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre has been studied using isotherm, absorption kinetic and law of mass conservation equations. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm equations are used to represent the adsorption isotherm of acid dyes on wool. The findings show that the best fit to the adsorption isotherms for acid dyes by wool fibres is obtained by Freundlich-Langmuir model. The pseudo- first and second-order models of absorption kinetics are used to investigate the absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre. The obtained result shows good agreement between the practical data and the pseudo- second-order model of absorption kinetic. Also, the law of conservation of mass has been used for modeling the acid dye distribution during dyeing process and the rate of dye uptake by wool fibre. The performance of suggested mathematical model is acceptable

Mathematical modeling of absorption behavior of acid dye onto wool fibre using law of conservation of mass

113-117The absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre has been studied using isotherm, absorption kinetic and law of mass conservation equations. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm equations are used to represent the adsorption isotherm of acid dyes on wool. The findings show that the best fit to the adsorption isotherms for acid dyes by wool fibres is obtained by Freundlich-Langmuir model. The pseudo- first and second-order models of absorption kinetics are used to investigate the absorption behavior of acid dye on wool fibre. The obtained result shows good agreement between the practical data and the pseudo- second-order model of absorption kinetic. Also, the law of conservation of mass has been used for modeling the acid dye distribution during dyeing process and the rate of dye uptake by wool fibre. The performance of suggested mathematical model is acceptable

Antibacterial and biological properties of coconut oil loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin electrospun membranes

Coconut oil (CO) is a naturally derived bio-oil which exhibits specific characteristics such as biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. In this work, the biological properties of poly(caprolactone)/gelatin (PCL/Gel) nanofibers are improved using CO encapsulation. This bio-oil was added to the PCL/Gel polymer solution with different concentrations (5�40). Nanofibers were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde vapor. Different types of characterization techniques such as SEM, FTIR, DSC, tensile measurements, water contact angle, and water vapor permeability were used to study the chemical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of resultant nanofibers. Results showed an average diameter of 300�370 nm for as-spun nanofibers, which increased to 360�470 nm after the crosslinking reaction. The presence of CO was confirmed using FTIR and DSC experiments. Moreover, results indicated that the presence of CO increases the hydrophilicity and water vapor permeability of nanofibers, which are desirable for their final application. Biological tests, such as antibacterial activity, cell viability, and cell morphology tests were performed to evaluate the possible application of the produced nanofibers for wound healing applications. Results indicated that the crosslinked PCL/Gel nanofibers containing 20 CO exhibited the highest cell compatibility and antibacterial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. © The Author(s) 2021

Cinnamon extract loaded electrospun chitosan/gelatin membrane with antibacterial activity

This study develops chitosan/gelatin nanofiber membranes with sustained release capacity to prevent infection by delivering cinnamon extract (CE) in the implanted site. The effects of the incorporation of CE content (2�6) on the properties of the nanofibers were evaluated. Morphological studies using SEM indicated that loading the extract did not affect the average diameter of nanofiber mats, which remained around 140�170 nm. TGA and FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed successful CE loading. Furthermore, the results showed that incorporating extract into the nanofibers enhanced their degradation behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Cultured cells attached to and proliferate on the nanofiber membrane with high cell viability capacity until the CE content reached 4. The extract release profile consisted of a burst release in the first 6 h, followed by a controlled release in the next 138 h. Therefore, CE loaded chitosan/gelatin nanofiber is an excellent construct for biomedical applications. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

In vitro and in vivo studies of biaxially electrospun poly(caprolactone)/gelatin nanofibers, reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals, for wound healing applications

Abstract: Nanofiber scaffolds have been used widely for wound healing applications. These scaffolds are commonly produced from different biopolymers, but usually a combination of synthetic and natural biopolymers is preferred because they exhibit both physio-mechanical stability and an improved environment for cell growth. In this article, polycaprolactone�gelatin (PCL�gel) hybrid nanofibers were produced by two nozzle electrospinning. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were synthesized and incorporated into the gel and PCL nanofibers to improve their properties. SEM images of nanofibers showed two diameter distributions with diameter averages of 140 nm and 215 nm, corresponding to gel and PCL, respectively. Although XRD patterns showed a decrease in crystallinity, the crystal sizes increased from 16.1 and 11.1 to 19.4 and 12.4 nm respectively for the (110) and (200) crystalline planes when CNC was present in the nanofibers. Mechanical studies revealed an 80 and 60 increase in modulus and tensile strength, respectively, when CNC was incorporated. In vitro studies showed that the CNC-incorporated scaffold degraded 25 more rapidly. However, the MTT assay, cell morphology, and fluorescence staining experiments showed that CNC did not affect nanofiber biocompatibility, and cells could grow, differentiate and cover the scaffold surface. Scaffolds with and without CNC both promoted robust wound healing in Balb/c mice. Graphic abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext.. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V

Cinnamon extract loaded electrospun chitosan/gelatin membrane with antibacterial activity

This study develops chitosan/gelatin nanofiber membranes with sustained release capacity to prevent infection by delivering cinnamon extract (CE) in the implanted site. The effects of the incorporation of CE content (2�6) on the properties of the nanofibers were evaluated. Morphological studies using SEM indicated that loading the extract did not affect the average diameter of nanofiber mats, which remained around 140�170 nm. TGA and FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed successful CE loading. Furthermore, the results showed that incorporating extract into the nanofibers enhanced their degradation behavior, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility. Cultured cells attached to and proliferate on the nanofiber membrane with high cell viability capacity until the CE content reached 4. The extract release profile consisted of a burst release in the first 6 h, followed by a controlled release in the next 138 h. Therefore, CE loaded chitosan/gelatin nanofiber is an excellent construct for biomedical applications. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

Fabricating alginate/poly(caprolactone) nanofibers with enhanced bio-mechanical properties via cellulose nanocrystal incorporation

In this research, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was synthesized from cotton waste using controlled hydrolysis against 64 (w/w) sulfuric acid solution. The produced nanoparticles were then characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DLS analyses. Biaxial electrospinning technique was used to produce CNC incorporated PCL-PVA/NaAlg nanofibers. The sodium alginate portion was then crosslinked via submerging the samples in calcium chloride aqueous solution. The CNC incorporated and crosslinked sample was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and TGA techniques. Results confirmed the presence of CNC nanoparticles and alginate crosslinking reaction. Mechanical studies showed that CNC incorporation increases the tensile modulus by 65 . Also, the crosslinked samples exhibited an increase in elongation at break. Water contact angle studies suggested that CNC incorporation and crosslinking improves nanofiber hydrophilicity. Cell viability of more than 90 was observed in CNC incorporated PCL-CaAlg nanofibers. Also, SEM images of cells on nanofiber scaffolds showed better cell growth and attachment in PCL-CaAlg-CNC samples. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

An Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient’s Quality of life Following Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Aims: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodic sleep state–dependent upper airway collapse. OSA can markedly decrease quality of life (QoL) and productivity. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been used as an effective treatment for OSA. Recently, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) treatment has emerged as effective management among patients with OSA, especially non-adherent ones to conventional therapies such as CPAP. Our aim was to determine whether CPAP and UPPP treatment could improve the quality of life in patients with moderate OSA. Design: Prospective. Setting: Patients with moderate OSA, confirmed by polysomnography from March 2019 to March 2020, participated. CPAP and UPPP treatments were considered for patients according to their preferences. The Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI) questionnaire before and after treatment was completed. Methods: Change in their QoL was compared between the CPAP group and UPPP treatment. In addition, QoL was compared between these groups and patients who did not receive any of these treatment methods. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included in treatment groups, 40 using CPAP and 38 undergoing UPPP treatment. Furthermore, 10 patients who did not receive treatment were considered the control. Both methods of treatment significantly (p < 0.001) improved QoL, but UPPP treatment was superior (p = 0.042) to CPAP. There was a poor correlation between post-treatment BMI (0.037), Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) (0.096), age (0.022), and post-treatment SAQLI score. Conclusion: Based on these results, CPAP and UPPP treatment can improve QoL. UPPP treatment could be considered an effective arm of OSA management among the study population

Pros and Cons of Informed Consent in Gynecology and Obstetrics

Obtaining informed consent is a fundamental aspect of medical ethics to protect patients’ autonomy and human dignity. An adequate practice of informed consent is complex and has not only personal but also ethical, legal, and administrative implications

Human Olfactory Mucosa Stem Cells Delivery Using a Collagen Hydrogel: As a Potential Candidate for Bone Tissue Engineering

For bone tissue engineering, stem cell-based therapy has become a promising option. Recently, cell transplantation supported by polymeric carriers has been increasingly evaluated. Herein, we encapsulated human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE-MSC) in the collagen hydrogel system, and their osteogenic potential was assessed in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collagen type I was composed of four different concentrations of (4 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 7 mg/mL). SDS-Page, FTIR, rheologic test, resazurin assay, live/dead assay, and SEM were used to characterize collagen hydrogels. OE-MSCs encapsulated in the optimum concentration of collagen hydrogel and transplanted in rat calvarial defects. The tissue samples were harvested after 4- and 8-weeks post-transplantation and assessed by optical imaging, micro CT, and H&amp;E staining methods. The highest porosity and biocompatibility were confirmed in all scaffolds. The collagen hydrogel with 7 mg/mL concentration was presented as optimal mechanical properties close to the naïve bone. Furthermore, the same concentration illustrated high osteogenic differentiation confirmed by real-time PCR and alizarin red S methods. Bone healing has significantly occurred in defects treated with OE-MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in vivo. As a result, OE-MSCs with suitable carriers could be used as an appropriate cell source to address clinical bone complications