非微生物素材表面への大腸菌の初期付着を抑制する穀類抽出液の分析

We examined the initial attachment of E. coli to abiotic surfaces conditioned with cereal extracts. The extracts were water-soluble fractions prepared from flours of barley, quinoa, rice and wheat. Strains used were E. coli ATCC 8739, E. coli NBRC 3301, E. coli NBRC 3302, E. coli NBRC 13168, E. coli NBRC 13891, and E. coli O157:H7 sakai. When surfaces of glass and stainless steel were conditioned at 25°C for 30 min with 0.5% cereal extracts, significantly lower numbers of E. coli cells attached to the conditioned surfaces than unconditioned ones, irrespective of strains used. The highest activity in reduction of the number of E. coli cells attached to the abiotic surfaces was found in the wheat extract. The suppressive activity was stable after treatments of the extract by autoclave and enzymatic digestion with α-amylase and Proteinase K. We purified the active compound by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration with HiPrep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR after the enzymatic treatments. The purified compound showed an average molecular mass of about 300 kDa by light-scattering measurements. Analyses of its components indicated that the active compound was arabinoxylan; the molar ratios were 1.0 (arabinose) to 2.46 (xylose). Commercially available arabinoxylan (average molecular mass: 370 kDa) also showed the similar activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a dietary fiber from cereals which suppresses the initial attachment of E. coli to abiotic surfaces

Autopsy Case of Bilateral Optic Nerve Aplasia with Microphthalmia: Neural Retina Formation Is Required for the Coordinated Development of Ocular Tissues

Human congenital anomalies provide information that contributes to the understanding of developmental mechanisms. Here we report bilateral optic nerve aplasia (ONA) with microphthalmia in the autopsy of the cadaver of a 70-year-old Japanese female. The gross anatomical inspection of the brain showed a cotton thread-like cord in the presumed location of the optic nerve tract or chiasm. Histologically, no neural retina, optic nerve bundle or retinal central vessels were formed in the eye globe, and the retinal pigment cells formed rosettes. The cornea, iris, and lens were also histologically abnormal. Immunohistochemically, no retinal cells expressed beta III tubulin, and Pax6-immunoreactive cells were present in the ciliary non-pigmented epithelial cells. This case of ONA could be attributed to the agenesis of retinal projection neurons as a sequel to the disruption of neural retina development. The neural retina formation would coordinate the proper development of ocular tissues

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Suppress Lactobacillus casei Cell-Wall-Induced NF-κB and MAPK Activations and Cell Proliferation through Protein Kinase A—or Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP-Dependent Signal Pathway

Specific strains of Lactobacillus have been found to be beneficial in treating some types of diarrhea and vaginosis. However, a high mortality rate results from underlying immunosuppressive conditions in patients with Lactobacillus casei bacteremia. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small second messenger molecule that mediates signal transduction. The onset and progression of inflammatory responses are sensitive to changes in steady-state cAMP levels. L. casei cell wall extract (LCWE) develops arteritis in mice through Toll-like receptor-2 signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intracellular cAMP affects LCWE-induced pathological signaling. LCWE was shown to induce phosphorylation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and cell proliferation in mice fibroblast cells. Theophylline and phosphodiesterase inhibitor increased intracellular cAMP and inhibited LCWE-induced cell proliferation as well as phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK. Protein kinase A inhibitor H89 prevented cAMP-induced MAPK inhibition, but not cAMP-induced NF-κB inhibition. An exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) agonist inhibited NF-κB activation but not MAPK activation. These results indicate that an increase in intracellular cAMP prevents LCWE induction of pathological signaling pathways dependent on PKA and Epac signaling

Allergin-1 on mast cells suppresses house dust mite-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice

Although airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a prominent feature of asthma, how it is regulated remains incompletely understood. Allergin-1, an inhibitory immunoglobulin-like receptor containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), is expressed on human and mouse mast cells (MCs) and inhibits high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI)-mediated signaling. Using MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice and Mas-TRECK mice, which carries a diphtheria toxin (DT)-induced MC deletion system based on il4 enhancer elements, we demonstrate here that MCs are involved in the induction of house dust mite (HDM)-induced AHR. Further, we show that MCs deficient in Allergin-1 exacerbated HDM-induced AHR, but had no effect on airway inflammation. In vitro analysis demonstrated that Allergin-1 inhibited anti-HDM allergen antibody-dependent HDM allergen-mediated degranulation by MCs. Thus, Allergin-1 on MCs plays an important role in the regulation of HDM-induced AHR

Change of antioxidant property, calcium content and breaking properties on Japanese radish by sun-drying

　We examined the change of radical scavenging activity, the amount of reducing sugar, calcium content and breaking properties of Japanese radish that was dried in the open sunshine for three days.　The result showed that radical scavenging activity increased and was retained the amount of reducing sugar by sun-drying. This suggested that the amino-carbonyl reaction was involved in these results.　As a result of breaking properties, Japanese radish became easy to break in the sun-drying for 3 days. Calcium content did not change by the drying.　This study showed that the concentration of antioxidant property, reducing suger, and the increase in calcium content were suggested.　Moreover, the results of cell dyeing indicated that a seasoning sank in easily by sun-drying.原著論

ムショウ シンリョウジョ ノ カンリエイヨウシ ハイチ ニ タイスル セイカツ シュウカンビョウ カンジャ カラ ノ ニーズ ニ ツイテ

【目的】これまで我々は、無床診療所医師を対象とした調査を行い、管理栄養士による栄養指導が普及していない理由として、「患者からのニーズがない」という意見が多くあることを明らかにした。一方、無床診療所の管理栄養士配置に対する患者からのニーズを調査した成績はない。そこで今回、無床診療所の管理栄養士配置に対する生活習慣病患者からのニーズを明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】東大阪地域の市民祭りや老人クラブの活動拠点に集まった方のうち、糖尿病や高血圧症などの生活習慣病を患い、病院もしくは診療所に通院されていた245 名を対象として、聞き取り式のアンケート調査を行った。【結果】管理栄養士の名称や業務を認知していた者は75.1％（184/245 名）であった。このうち「管理栄養士を無床診療所に配置する必要がある」と回答した者は70.7％（130/184 名）であり、その理由として「食生活について身近に相談できる人がいると嬉しい」「食の専門家である管理栄養士の意見を聞きたい」という意見が多くみられた。一方、「管理栄養士を配置する必要がない」と回答した者は16.3％（30/184 名）であり、その理由として「他の医療従事者による栄養指導で十分」「自分自身で食事管理できる」という意見が多くみられた。また、「どちらでもない」と回答した者は13.0％（24/184 名）であり、その理由として「管理栄養士を置く必要性が分からない」という意見が多くみられた。【結論】今回調査した地域における無床診療所の管理栄養士配置に対する生活習慣病患者からのニーズは、約7 割と高いものであった。今後は無床診療所医師に対する普及活動や、管理栄養士の役割を理解できていない患者に対する啓発活動が必要である。In this study, we aimed to clarify the needs of patients suffering from lifestyle related diseases, to determine the perceived role and importance of a registered dietitian placement in a non bed clinic. A previous survey of non bed clinic physicians suggested that nutritional guidance provided by registered dietitians was not valued in the clinical setting; many physicians felt that “there is no need for the patient” to receive dietary advice from registered dietitians. However, no research has examined patients’ perspectives regarding the placement of a registered dietitian in a non bed clinic.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire with 245 participants suffering from lifestyle related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. They were recruited from those who gathered in the activity base of a civic festival, and from a seniors club in the Higashi Osaka region. All of the participants had visited the hospital or clinic at one time.Results: Of the 245 participants, 184 (75.1%) had been advised by a registered dietitian. The opinion that “a registered dietitian needs to be placed in a non bed clinic” was expressed by 70.7% (130 of 184) of those surveyed. Many wanted “to hear the opinion of a registered dietitian who is an expert on food” and gave reasons such as, “I’m happy to have people who can consult closely with me about my diet.” By con- trast, 30 of the 184 participants (16.3%) responded that “there is no need to place a registered dietitian” in a non bed clinic. They believed that “the nutritional guidance offered by other health care workers was enough” or that “their own opinion” provided adequate dietary management. Finally, 24 (13.0%) participants answered “Neither,” giving “I do not know whether there is a need to place a registered dietitian” as their reason.Conclusions: It needs from lifestyle related diseases a patient to a registered dietitian placement of the non bed clinic in conclusion was this time the study area were those about 70% and higher. Based on our findings, we suggest that in future dissemination activities, including those provided by non bed clinic doctors, there is a need for awareness raising for patients who do not understand the role of registered dietitians in a non bed clinic setting