Effect of Taurodehydrocholic Acid on the Hepatic Expression of Abcg5 and Abcg8 and Biliary Parameters in the Fistula Rat

Introduction: Biliary secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol is mainly dependent on bile-salt secretion although the exact mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. Aims: This study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of turodehydrocholic acid (TDHC) on cholesterol metabolism. Materials and Methods: TDHC was administered orally at a concentration of 10mM twice a day to rats for 7 days in order to mimic the in vivo situation in gallstone patients on bile salt therapy. Bile duct was cannulated and bile was collected for 30 mins on ice and subjected to analysis for total cholesterol, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Liver samples were subjected to real time PCR and the gene expression of the adenosing triphosphate-binding cassette transporter heterodimer Abcg5/g8 was determined. Results: TDHC significantly increased the expression of Abcg5 whilst the level of Abcg8 was significantly decreased. No changes in biliary cholesterol, ALP and GGT were observed, however the total bilirubin was significantly increased in the bile of TDHC administered rats. Conclusions: Increased expressıon of Abcg5 may be one mechanism by which TDHC stimulates the secretion of biliary cholesterol

Prevalence of mold growth and aflatoxin M-1 in Kashar and white cheese produced in Western Turkey

WOS: 000185529900011To evaluate mold growth and aflatoxin M-1 problem in Turkish cheese, a total of 46 commercial samples of the two cheese types were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Mean mold growth exceeded maximum tolerable limits (1x10(2) cfu/g) in both groups of cheese (1x10(4) and 2x10(4) cfu/g in Turkish white cheese and Kashar cheese, respectively), although there were no significant differences between cheese types (p=0.34). Kashar cheese samples were highly contaminated with fungi. Total concentrations of aflatoxin M-1 in white and Kashar cheese (0.0998 and 0.1931 ppb, respectively) were lower than maximum tolerable limits (0.5 ppb). However, aflatoxin M-1 concentration of Kashar cheese in 2 out of 13 samples exceeded the maximum tolerable limits. Results indicated that cheese plants should be sanitised properly to avoid fungal contamination and milk should be evaluated for aflatoxin M-1 before it is used for making cheese

Fungi and aflatoxin B-1 in horse and dog feeds in Western Turkey

Filazi, Ayhan/0000-0002-2800-6215WOS: 000223398200002To evaluate fungi growth and aflatoxin B, contamination in horse and dog feeds, total of 41 feed samples were examined with agar plate incubation and ELISA methods. Fungi growth of the horse feed was not exceeding maximum tolerable limits (0.97 x 10(4) CFU/g). Although dog foods should not contain any fungi contamination, slightly less than half of the tested dog foods had fungi growth. Both feeds had aflatoxin B, content in allowable limits (10 mug/kg.), however, dog foods contain significantly higher aflatoxin B I content than horse feeds do (P less than or equal to 0.05) (6.69 mug/kg and 1.98 mug/kg, respectively). Fungi growth and aflatoxin B I content did not correlate in either group of feeds (r(2) = 0.09 and r(2) = 0.30, respectively). Surveilance of both fungi growth and aflatoxin contents of both types of feeds are necessary for the health of the animals

Zearalenone and ochratoxin residues in the kidney of bulls

There are limited studies, regarding the presence of zearalenone and ochratoxin residues in the edible tissues of animals. Presence of them was determined in the kidney tissues of bulls, obtained from the abattoirs, located in Kayseri region, in Turkey

Effects of dietary aflatoxin and sodium bentonite on some hormones in broiler chickens

In this study, 72 one-day-old, male, Avian race, broiler chicks were used. The birds were divided into 6 equal groups. While the first group was kept as a control, groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 received for 45 d the feed containing 0.25% of sodium bentonite, 0.5% of sodium bentonite, 1 ppm of aflatoxin (AF) (approximately, 85% 131, 10% 132, 3% G, and 2% G(2)) 0.25% of sodium bentonite with 1 ppm of AF, and 0.5% of sodium bentonite with 1 ppm of AF, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected and plasma was separated. Plasma triiodothyronine (T-3), thyroxine (T-4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured. A significant decrease was detected in plasma T-3 and T-4 levels in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and a significant increase in plasma testosterone level in groups 2, 4, 5 and 6, compared to the control group. FA and sodium bentonite, which were given alone, were found to be effective on T-3, T-4, and testosterone contents. In the case of their combination, there was no certain evidence that the adsorbent ameliorated the effects of AF. Therefore these parameters could not be used in in vivo studies of binding the FA with sodium bentonite in broiler chickens