Sounding rocket reliability reassessment

Sounding rocket reliability - failure mode

Effects of information processing styles and health message format on skin cancer risk perceptions and behavior intentions

Effectively communicating the risks of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, tanning, and unprotected sex has been a widely researched topic in the discipline of health psychology. One area of this research has focused on the type of format used to present the information. In the past, a majority of the research has investigated the factual presentation of information, but an emerging focus has been on the presentation of information within a narrative. So far only a few studies have directly compared the factual format’s ability to increase risk perceptions and alter health related behavior to the narrative’s ability to do so. These few studies have found inconsistent results regarding whether health information presented in a narrative format will be more likely than health information presented in a factual format to increase risk perceptions and motivate health behavior. These inconsistent findings may relate to the information processing style people use when presented with these messages. To investigate this possibility, we examined the interactive effects of information processing style and health message format on risk perceptions and behavior intentions related to skin cancer. One hundred forty-seven female college students who use tanning beds were recruited from Psychology 101 courses. Participants were randomly assigned to either read a narrative message or factual message about how tanning beds can increase the risk of skin cancer. Additionally, prior to reading the message, participants were randomly assigned to a set of instructions for reading the messages that would activate either their experiential or rational processing style. The experiential processing style is characterized by using emotions and past experiences to digest information; the rational processing style, on the other hand, uses reason and logic to process information. We hypothesized that participants who experientially processed the information in a narrative message format would increase their risk perception and worry of skin cancer and reduce their intentions to use tanning beds. A series of ANOVAs were used to analyze the effects of the two factors on risk perceptions, worry, and behavioral intentions. An interaction between message format and processing style was revealed for three separate measures of risk perception as well as for worry. Participants’ risk perceptions were most likely to increase when they processed the narrative experientially in comparison to processing the narrative rationally, the factual message rationally, or the factual message experientially. Similar effects were observed for worry. There were no main effects or interactive effects of message format and processing style on behavior intentions. The present study qualifies inconsistencies in previous research that sometimes show a narrative message is more effective and other times a factual message is more effective. Our findings suggest that although narratives may be a promising route for increasing risk perceptions, they may be most effective when the information is processed in an experiential style. Keywords: Skin cancer, health messages, narratives, processing system/ style, and risk perceptions *This scholar and faculty mentor have requested that only an abstract be published

Aggressiveness and sleep: People with quick tempers and less anger control have objectively worse sleep quality

Adults and children who report frequent expression of anger and aggression also report sleep disruption. Although these findings suggest an important relationship, it is unknown whether this link extends to real sleep behavior, what aspects of sleep and angry and aggressive tendencies play the most important role, and whether stress and constraint contribute to their connection. To address these questions, the current study used a large scale dataset from the Biomarker Project of the Midlife in the United States Longitudinal Study of Health and Well-Being (MIDUS II) to investigate these relations with respect to both objectively (actigraphy) and subjectively (daily diary) measured sleep. Results indicated that individuals who are quick to anger and with poor anger control had worse objectively measured sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Stress and constraint did not contribute to these relations. In addition, all of individuals’ anger tendencies related to subjectively measured indices of sleep quality; however, these relations were largely accounted for by stress and constraint. The links between these anger tendencies and sleep illuminate the larger growing body of evidence showing that sleep disruption influences aggression and aggressive tendencies

Synthesis of indoles via alkylidenation of acyl hydrazides

Indoles have been synthesised via alkylidenation of acyl phenylhydrazides using phosphoranes and the Petasis reagent, followed by in situ thermal rearrangement of the product enehydrazines. The Petasis reagent provides an essentially neutral equivalent of the [acid-catalysed] Fischer indole synthesis, but with acyl phenylhydrazides as starting substrates. Alkylidene triphenylphosphoranes convert aroyl phenylhydrazides to indoles, but acyl phenylhydrazides derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids undergo a Brunner reaction to form indolin-2-ones

Wet film sensitometry with an infrared scanning densitometer

This project was to design and operate an infrared scanning densitometer to monitor the growth of the characteristic curve of a film during development. An aparatus was constructed which enabled us to pass repeatedly, a sensitometric strip through a beam of radiation during development. This radiation was focused on the film plane of the development container. The spot on the film plane was relayed, after transmission through the sample, to a photomultiplier tube. The response of the tube was displayed an oscilloscope and this was photographed. We were able to obtain a trace of the characteristic curve of a fully processed snesitometric strip in the above manner. However, we were unable to obtain the characteristic curve of a test strip during development even with the antihalation dyes removed. We believe that if more time were available we would go to radiation of higher Intensity and longer wavelength, with an appropriate change in photomultiplier tube. It is our opinion that with these changes we would have had success

Contacts adhésifs sur surfaces texturées d'élastomères : effet d'échelle

Les contacts adhésifs dont une des surfaces est micro-texturée à l'aide de motifs a soulevé une attention considérable ces deux dernières décennies. La compréhension fondamentale de ces contacts est primordiale car elle permettrait de contrôler les propriétés d’adhésion des matériaux par texturation plutôt que par fonctionnalisation chimique. Néanmoins le rôle précis des paramètres majeurs qui gouvernent ce type de contacts reste à identifier clairement. Nous allons discuter les conditions de formation d’un contact entre des hémisphères élastiques en PDMS et des surfaces micro-texturés avec des piliers hexagonaux souples, également en PDMS. Nous avons mis en œuvre le test « JKR » qui relie l’énergie d’adhésion à l'aire de la surface de contact entre l'hémisphère et l'échantillon plan. Toutefois, ce dispositif expérimental permet, outre une utilisation 'quasi-statique' classique, d'explorer en fréquence le comportement du contact : un mode dynamique a été développé à cet effet qui travaille en chargement cyclique. Ceci permet d'analyser l’effet de la sollicitation fréquentielle en fonction des paramètres des surfaces texturées. Dans un contexte de tests statiques, nous décrivons le rôle structural des piliers et discutons un phénomène d’hystérèse de contact après un chargement et un déchargement, exclusivement due au contact entre les plots et sans influence sur le comportement du contact sur plots. Dans un deuxième temps, nous montrons que la variation du rapport d'aspect des motifs de texturation de surface conduit à un comportement invariant lors de la formation d’un contact entre un hémisphère et un substrat souple élastique : l'homothétie géométrique à l'échelle étudiée conduit à des comportements au contact similaires en mode statique ainsi que dynamique

Construire un récit au cycle 2

Professorat des écolesComment faire découvrir, puis maîtriser les enchaînements causaux et chronologiques dans le récit aux enfants du cycle 2 ? A partir de situations d’apprentissages organisées autour de récits, nous pouvons transférer les compétences acquises pour les utiliser dans d’autres récits. Les moyens pédagogiques mis en œuvre sont : la mise en réseau d’albums de littérature de jeunesse, le séquentiel d’images, le rappel de récit. L’utilisation de récits interactifs permet aussi de construire des apprentissages qui tendent vers la réalisation de récits

Sleep as a restorative process for self-control

Sleep is conceptualized as a restorative factor in people’s ability to exert self-control; however, this possibility has yet to be directly examined. It is likely that sleep replenishes self-control ability by restoring cognitive and motivational factors necessary for enacting self-control. By using daily diary methodology, this study assessed whether changes in self-control, as well as its relevant underlying mechanisms (inhibition, motivation, effort), from evening to the next morning is influenced by the intervening sleep period. To this end, 85 participants were recruited in a two week daily diary study to complete assessments of behavioral (eye blink inhibition) and self-reported self-control (self-control capacity scale) and underlying mechanisms. Sleep was assessed via actigraphy and morning diary entrees. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine if change in self-control and theoretical mechanisms from evening to next morning was predicted by the duration, continuity, or subjective quality of the intervening sleep period. Overnight improvement in eye blink inhibition was predicted by the duration of sleep, which was partially due to co-occurring reductions in the temptation to blink. Additionally, overnight improvement in self-reported self-control capacity was independently predicted by both the duration and subjective quality of sleep, and both of these associations were fully explained by overnight reductions in sleepiness. These findings are the first to link overnight improvements in self-control to sleep, implicating sleep duration as a sleep characteristic that is particularly important for the restoration of self-control. Moreover, temptation, as opposed to motivation and inhibition, emerged as a critical factor explaining the sleep-self-control link.</p

New chemistry of weinreb amides and acyl hydrazides

This project was concerned with extending the scope of the non-classical Wittig reaction of alkylidenephosphoranes on Weinreb amides discovered previously in Prof. John A. Murphy's group by Aurelien G. J. Commeureuc during his study towards the total synthesis of Muscothiazoles A and B.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo