Involvement of an alternatively spliced mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier in adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adipogenesis is a complex process that involves many genes/proteins at different stages of differentiation. In order to identify genes critical for adipogeneis, we took a novel approach based on phenotype change of individual cell, to search for genes with regulatory roles in adipogenesis genome-wide in 3T3-L1 cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Lentivirus-based inducible random homologous knockdown was used for the screening of functional gene that altered lipid formation in the adipocyte during differentiation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the present study, we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier (ODC), so named ODC-AS. ODC-AS is different from ODC by replacing 22 amino acids with 29 amino acids at the N-terminal. ODC was widely expressed in most tissues in mouse as determined by multi-tissue cDNA panel polymerase chain reaction. However, ODC-AS was only detected in adipose tissue and in iris and sclera-choroid complex of the eye. The expression of ODC-AS in 3T3-L1 was detected after the induction of differentiation, and reached a peak at day 4 and then reduced thereafter, whereas no ODC transcript detected in the cells neither before nor after differentiation. Knocking down of ODC-AS expression by RNA interference led to significant reduction in lipid accumulation as determined by triglyceride measurement and Nile Red staining, as well as adipogenic marker CEBPα, PPARγ, aP2 and CD36. Although both ODC and ODC-AS are expressed in white and brown adipose tissues, only the expression of ODC-AS was down-regulated in brown adipose tissue by cold exposure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results implicate that ODC-AS may promote lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation and play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissues.</p

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Negative-pressure wound therapy for fixing full-thickness skin graft on the thumb

Summary: Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used not only for preparing wound bed but also for fixing the skin graft. However, there is no report describing the use of NPWT after full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) on the digits. Because NPWT causes a leak easily, especially in the digital region, this study reported a new technique using an NPWT device without leaking and the efficacy of NPWT after FTSG.A 51 year old male had 35 × 15 mm skin ulcer on the palmar side of the right thumb after microsurgical replantation surgery for treating a finger amputation. FTSG was performed as day surgery, and the grafted site was covered with an NPWT device. NPWT was fixed by a “sandwich technique” with two sheets covering both the dorsal and pulp sides of the thumb. The graft was perfectly planted, and the morphology was favorable at 12 months after skin grafting. FTSG with NPWT was considered as a cost efficient and effective treatment for the digit. Keywords: NPWT, Finger, Hand, Reconstruction, FTSG, PIC

Priority Control Mechanism managed by Metadata

The priority control for specified communication was difficult because the design concept of the Internet was best effort, but QoS technology such as Diffserv has realized the priority control. In this paper, we propose a new priority control mechanism. that the policy of the behavior of the packets is described using metadata. The metadata is structured data about data and is able to describe policy. We use the emergency communications as an implementation of the proposed mechanism. In an emergency, the Internet is important as a communication infrastructure for getting information about victim and disaster areas. Metadata is able to describe that this information is emergency. Diffserv is able to transport information managed by a priority control mechanism. This mechanism is going to be included in ITU-T F.706 recommendation