Statistical Analysis of Unauthorized-Access Log Data and Its Interpretation

We have studied how we analyse unauthorized network access logs and our empirical studies have suggested that we could classify the logs into some typical patterns and tried to develop methodology, to reveal them with aggregated statistical methodologies including symbolic data analysis (SDA). Our motivation is to extract some specific patterns from the logs. Many applications have been already developed to detect anomalies from them, but few are mainly based on statistics. To improve their quality, a mathematical viewpoint is key since most unauthorized actions are based on automatic algorithms. Thus we could apply some statistical (and intensive) model to them. When we develop an intensive statistical analysis for this data, SDA, known as a typical aggregated data analysis method would be applicable. In the study, we discuss how we aggregate the original log data and derive a reasonable classification and interpretation through the analyses

Identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in rat peripheral nerves: its possible involvement in nerve regeneration

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known as a pluripotent immunoregulatory cytokine involved in T-cell activation and inflammatory responses; however, no study on this protein in the peripheral nervous systems has been carried out. We here demonstrated for the first time expression of MIF mRNA and MIF protein in rat sciatic nerves by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining of MIF, which was largely observed in Schwann cells. Furthermore, we examined MIF mRNA expression in the sciatic nerves by Northern blot analysis in the case of nerve transection. In both proximal and distal segments, the level of MIF mRNA started to increase 12 h after the nerve transection. The level remained high from 24 h up to day 7 after the injury. During the period from days 14 to 21, MIF mRNA sharply decreased to the pre-transection level. In immunohistochemistry, positive staining of MIF was largely observed in axons as well as non-neuronal cells in proximal segments at day 4 after transection. In the distal segments, contrastingly, endoneurial fibroblasts or Schwann cells migrating into neuronal fibers showed positive staining with Wallerian degeneration. Although the precise functions of MIF in the peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated, the present results could represent a major departure from the current state of knowledge, revealing a novel function in the degenerative–regenerative process

Numerical Simulation of Flat-to-slant Ductile Fracture Transition in Notched Plate

AbstractThe effort of this study is to develop a damage model for simulating large ductile crack extension accompanied by a flat and a slant surface observed in the hydrostatic full-scale tests up to rupture for API X80 line pipes with an axial through-wall notch. A small and thin specimen with a shallow through-thickness notch having a large ligament (sub-sized Charpy V-notch (Sub-CVN) specimen subjected to 3-point bending) is used for a fundamental verification study. The Sub-CVN specimen provided the similar macroscopic process as well as micro-mechanism for ductile cracking, where a flat-to-slant fracture transition accompanied by a transition from an equi-axed dimple mode to a shear-slip mode fracture is presented. On the basis of the observed mechanism of ductile crack growth, a numerical ductile damage model for predicting the large ductile crack growth resistance is proposed taking into account an effect of the Lode parameter on ductile fracture into the present damage model proposed by authors. The crucial consideration is that the damage parameters to be identified can be correlated to the material properties. In this model, the shear-dominated stress state is assumed to advance the acceleration of damage evolution due to a shear localization mechanism at lower damage level even at the same stress triaxiality condition, so that the critical damage fraction dependent on the Lode parameter is phenomenologically employed in this model. The modified damage model reproduces the same ductile crack profile together with the same micro-mechanisms for forming the chevron-shaped flat surface as those observed in the experiment. The possibility to reproduce the flat-to-slant fracture transition is also demonstrated by the simulation

Ultrahigh Magnetic Field Optical Study of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Film

Excitons in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) have emerged as an ideal candidate for exploring one-dimensional (1-D) exciton physics. Exciton states which dominate optical properties of SWNTs even at room temperature, are not clarify yet. The optical absorption spectra of aligned SWNTs films under ultra high magnetic fields up to 190 T are examined to investigate this issue. Shifting and splitting of the absorption peaks due to Aharonov-Bohm effect was observed clearly above 80 T in the configuration where the magnetic fields were applied in parallel to the alignment of SWNTs. The lowest singlet exciton state has been determined through the analysis of energy splitting of excitons by the application of magnetic fields.

Differences in Attitudes and Practices of Cancer Pain Management between Medical Oncologists and Palliative Care Physicians

This study aimed to evaluate whether there are differences in the attitudes and practices of cancer pain manage-ment between medical oncologists and palliative care physicians. An online nationwide survey was used to collect responses from board-certified medical oncologists and palliative care physicians in Japan. The survey questionnaire comprised 30 questions. The differences in responses between medical oncologists and palliative care physicians were examined. Out of the 1,227 questionnaires sent, 522 (42.5%) were returned. After apply-ing the exclusion criteria, 445 questionnaires (medical oncologists: n = 283; palliative care physicians: n = 162) were retained for analysis. Among the questions about potential barriers to optimal cancer pain man-agement, both medical oncologists and palliative care physicians considered the reluctance of patients to take opioids due to fear of adverse effects as the greatest barrier. Significantly different ratings between medical oncologists and palliative care physicians were observed on 5 of the 8 questions in this area. Significantly differ-ent ratings were observed for all questions concerning pain specialists and their knowledge. For effective cancer pain management, it is important to account for differences in attitudes and practice between medical oncolo-gists and palliative care physicians

Evidence of mature adipocyte proliferation regulated by proliferin

Despite much research, whether mature adipocytes proliferate remains controversial. Here, we examined 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelling of mature adipocytes. Although BrdU incorporation into subcutaneous adipocytes was less than that in visceral adipocytes, pioglitazone (Pio) treatment increased BrdU incorporation in subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipocytes in rats. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes exhibited an increase in cell number and BrdU incorporation with time, with this increase enhanced by Pio treatment. We therefore screened for genes that encode growth factors regulated by Pio, and selected proliferin (PLF). Both gene silencing of PLF by small interfering RNA and treatment with anti-PLF antibody suppressed proliferation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In adipocytes isolated from Pio-treated rats, the tissue-specific pattern of PLF expression was similar to that of BrdU incorporation. Administration of an anti-PLF antibody to mice reduced BrdU incorporation into adipocytes. Mature adipocytes thus have the ability to replicate, and this proliferation is positively regulated by PLF