Breeding season, courtship behaviour, and territoriality of White and Japanese Wagtails Motacilla alba and M. grandis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73846/1/j.1474-919X.1989.tb04793.x.pd

Satellite tracking in avian conservation: applications and results from Asia

Using satellite tracking, we have followed the movements of large wetland birds in Asia for more than 10 years. We have investigated the migration patterns of more than 10 species of birds, focusing on, but not limited to, cranes (Gruidae) and storks (Ciconiidae). To relay bird locations, we employed platform transmitter terminals in combination with ARGOS satellites. Location data were then utilized in a variety of applications, from determining migration routes, stopover patterns and wintering sites, through more advanced analyses including using various data overlays to examine habitat use, occupation of nature reserves, differential migration patterns between adults and juvenile birds, climatological effects on migration and the connectivity and network structure of migration pathways. Through this work, we have identified numerous important sites for migratory birds, especially cranes and storks. These include Bohai Bay and the Yellow River delta (China), the Korean Demilitarized Zone, Lake Khanka (Russia/China), and Poyang Lake, the Qiqihar Baicheng area, the Three Rivers Plain and Yangcheng Nature Reserve (all in China). We have also developed recommendations for spatial improvements to nature reserves, discovered different migration strategies in juvenile and adult birds, and a possible migration trigger involving temperature. We emphasize the importance of continued empirical research and development of analytical methodologies involving satellite location data. Further, we advocate the protection of habitats used by Gruidae and Ciconiidae over their entire migration routes

Migration routes and important stopover sites of endangered Oriental white storks (Ciconia boyciana), as revealed by satellite tracking

From 1998 through 2000, we tracked the autumnal migrations of 13 oriental white storks (Ciconia boyciana) by satellite in order to identify their important stopover sites. The storks were successfully tracked and provided data on partial (n= 4) or complete (n= 9) autumnal migration between the Russian Far East breeding sites and the wintering sites in southeastern China. Twenty-seven stopover sites were identified, the most important of which were in Tonghe Peat Moor (46.095°N, 128.942°E), Momoge Nature Reserve (45.945°N, 123.939°E), and Jiantuozhi Gley Mire (39.221°N, 118.672°E). The connectedness between each stopover site and its surrounding stay sites was also evaluated; the results suggested that the stopover sites situated on the seashores of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, and Laizhou Bay in eastern China are less connected than the others. We concluded that, among the sites studied, Jiantuozhi Gley Mire on the northern shore of Bohai Bay should have a higher priority for protection for two reasons: it is used by many storks, in common, for relatively long periods; and it is at higher risk of being isolated from the migration route network

Seasonal contrasts in individual consistency of oriental honey buzzards' migration

Funding: This project was supported by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship (to S.S.: H28/1018).Individual consistency in migration can shine light on the mechanisms of migration. Most studies have reported that birds are more consistent in the timing than in the routes or stopover sites during migration, but some specialist species showed the opposite patterns, being more consistent in spatial than temporal aspects of migration. One possible explanation for this contrast is that specialists rely on particular food or habitat resources, which restrict the migratory routes they can take, leading to high spatial consistency. If this is the case, the effect of specialist foraging should become apparent only when birds forage, instead of fasting and flying continuously. To test this effect, we analysed individual consistency in migration of the oriental honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), a specialist raptor that feeds on honeybees and wasps, using a long-term tracking dataset. As honey buzzards make extended stopovers during which they forage in spring but not in autumn, the spatial consistency should be higher in spring than in autumn. Honey buzzards were highly consistent in both their migratory routes and stopover sites in Southeast Asia, but only during spring migration. Our results highlight an important link between species' migratory consistency and foraging ecology.PostprintPeer reviewe

Distinct Cytoplasmic Expression of KL-6 Mucin in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study with Other Renal Epithelial Cell Tumors

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成25年1月30日授与（乙第1152号）・福島 万奈The presence of cytoplasmic sialyl glycoproteins is a conspicuous feature in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We compared the immunohistochemical expression of sialyl glycoproteins in chromophobe RCC with that in other types of renal tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of surgically resected renal tumors (chromophobe RCC, 14 cases [10 cases of classic type and 4 cases of eosinophilic variant]; oncocytoma, 7 cases; and clear cell RCC, 9 cases) and kidneys from immature infants (4 cases) were immunostained with antibodies against sialyl glycoproteins (anti-KL-6 and anti-sialyl MUC1 antibodies). Cytoplasmic expression of KL-6 and sialyl MUC1 was distinctive in the chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma cells, and in the intercalated cells in collecting duct epithelia. Apical-surface staining of these sialyl glycoproteins was predominantly observed in clear RCC, in the epithelia of the distal tubule and collecting duct, and in the neonatal renal proximal tubule, but not in those of the adult renal proximal tubule. The above-mentioned observations provide additional evidence for similar phenotypic profiles of chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma, and the intercalated cells in collecting ducts and the oncofetal expression of sialyl glycoproteins in clear cell RCC. KL-6 is a potential tumor marker for renal tumors.ArticleACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA. 45(5) 301-308 (2012)journal articl

Modeling the Wintering Habitat Distribution of Oriental Honey Buzzards in West Java Indonesia with Satellite Tracking Data Using Logistic Regression

Oriental honey buzzards (OHBs, Pernis ptilorhynchus) are one of migratory raptor from Japan to Indonesia which is widely recognized as indicator species reflecting the conditions of their habitat. Since 2003, OHBs have been satellite-tracked in their wintering grounds in Indonesia. Less information available on wintering areas in the west Java, which hampers the OHB conservation efforts. This paper proposes a new approach for predicting the probability models of the wintering habitat distribution of OHBs with the presence data derived from satellite tracking using logistic regression analysis coupled with RAMAS GIS. This spatial model was locally constructed from the data concerning Talaga Bodas and its surrounding areas and extrapolated for the entire West Java region. The best predicted probability model successfully characterized the distribution of the OHB wintering habitat using slope (25–40%), elevation (0–300 m and >1,000 m), and land cover (forest, paddy field, and water body). The extrapolation model generated potential areas of the wintering habitat distribution covering an area of 3013.13 km2 (8.11% of West Java). These areas were predominantly located outside the protected areas (94.04%). The modeling approach proposed herein may be used to study other migratory species that are tracked using satellite or other navigation technologies

Migratory behavior in landscape utilization by oriental honey-buzzard based on satellite tracking data in East Flores, Indonesia

Raptor migration is complex phenomenon of migration which involving of millions of individual birds flying hundreds or thousands kilometers, between breeding habitat and wintering habitat. Migratory behavior consisted of period, route, and other aspects that affect the ecology of migratory birds. Pernis ptylorhynchus, Oriental honey-buzzard (OHB) is one of migratory raptors which have satellite tracked by ARGOS since 2003. Eastern part of Flores Islands consisted of small islands (23 islands) were identified as OHB’s migratory path to reach their wintering habitats in Kupang and Timor Island. This study has aimed to identify and analyze the OHB’s migratory behavior in Eastern part of Flores Islands. Four individuals OHB have satellite tracked in the period of 2007-2012 were used as main data for analyzing their migratory behavior. There was no particular pattern found on the way of OHBs selected islands for their stopover site because of the existence of small islands cluster provide variety of route for each OHBs. The length of their stay found relatively constant every year and tend to be stay longer on larger islands than the smaller one such as Flores Island and Lembata Island. This is apparently due to the larger islands provide more food supply than smaller islands

Albatross foraging behaviour: no evidence for dual foraging, and limited support for anticipatory regulation of provisioning at South Georgia

Many pelagic seabirds are thought to regulate reproductive effort by adopting a dual foraging strategy, alternating or mixing short foraging trips over local shelf waters (maximising provisioning rates) with longer trips over distant oceanic water (allowing restoration of lost condition). Many species also respond to chick condition, decreasing food supply to over-fed, and sometimes increasing it to under-fed chicks. Analysis of tracking data from 4 albatross species breeding at South Georgia provided evidence that adults responded to prevailing environmental conditions, but did not provide evidence for a dual foraging strategy. Trip durations and maximum foraging ranges tended to follow a positively skewed, unimodal distribution, with the exception of the light-mantled albatross for which no significant modes were apparent. Individual distributions deviated from this, but none were strongly bimodal or showed regular alternation of trip lengths, trip distance or predominant bathy-metric regime. There were significant relationships between meal mass and trip duration, time since the last feed and chick condition on return, reflecting responses to current rather than predicted chick needs. On average, adults returned with smaller meals after 1 to 2 d trips, but otherwise stayed away until a threshold payload was obtained; consequently, provisioning rate (g d(-1)) was much greater after shorter trips. Lack of dual foraging may reflect the diversity of foraging zones available in this highly productive region. By inference, this would mean that adoption of dual foraging elsewhere is a consequence of greater heterogeneity in resource availability in waters surrounding those colonies

Wind field and sex constrain the flight speeds of central-place foraging albatrosses

By extracting energy from the highly dynamic wind and wave fields that typify pelagic habitats, albatrosses are able to proceed almost exclusively by gliding flight. Although energetic costs of gliding are low, enabling breeding albatrosses to forage hundreds to thousands of kilometers from their colonies, these and time costs vary with relative wind direction. This causes albatrosses in some areas to route provisioning trips to avoid headwind flight, potentially limiting habitat accessibility during the breeding season. In addition, because female albatrosses have lower wing loadings than males, it has been argued that they are better adapted to flight in light winds, leading to sexual segregation of foraging areas. We used satellite telemetry and immersion logger data to quantify the effects of relative wind speed, sex, breeding stage, and trip stage on the ground speeds (Vg) of four species of Southern Ocean albatrosses breeding at South Georgia. Vg was linearly related to the wind speed component in the direction of flight (Vwf), its effect being greatest on Wandering Albatrosses Diomedea exulans, followed by Black-browed Albatrosses Thalassarche melanophrys, Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses Phoebatria palpebrata, and Gray-headed Albatrosses T. chrysostoma. Ground speeds at Vwf = 0 were similar to airspeeds predicted by aerodynamic theory and were higher in males than in females. However, we found no evidence that this led to sexual segregation, as males and females experienced comparable wind speeds during foraging trips. Black-browed, Gray-headed, and Light-mantled Sooty Albatrosses did not engage in direct, uninterrupted bouts of flight on moonless nights, but Wandering Albatrosses attained comparable Vg night and day, regardless of lunar phase. Relative flight direction was more important in determining Vg than absolute wind speed. When birds were less constrained in the middle stage of foraging trips, all species flew predominantly across the wind. However, in some instances, commuting birds encountered headwinds during outward trips and tail winds on their return, with the result that Vg was 1.0–3.4 m/s faster during return trips. This, we hypothesize, could result from constraints imposed by the location of prey resources relative to the colony at South Georgia or could represent an energy optimization strategy