The usefulness and safety of the simultaneous parallel anterior and posterior combined lumbar spine surgery using intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation (SPAPS)

Background The combined anterior-posterior surgery in the lateral decubitus position generally needs the intraoperative repositioning. However, prolonged surgical time and increased medical costs due to intraoperative repositioning have been problematic. In recent years, there have been reports of combined anterior-posterior procedure with a single position performing anterior and posterior fixation consecutively where the patient remains in the lateral decubitus position (single surgeon method-SS method). We had further advanced this method, and have adopted the Simultaneous Parallel Anterior and Posterior combined lumbar spine Surgery using intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation (SPAPS method), where anterior and posterior procedure are performed independently by two spine surgeons. Methods 66 cases that underwent SPAPS method (n=37) and SS method (n=29) from 2015 to 2019 at single institution were concluded in this study. The pre- and post-operative changes in the following were compared retrospectively between the two groups: surgical factors and clinical evaluations including JOA back pain evaluation questionnaire (JOABPEQ), visual analogue scale (VAS) on lower back pain, buttock/lower limb pain, and buttock/lower limb numbness, and Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RDQ). Results The SPAPS method was able to significantly reduce the surgical time (p=0.0025) compared to the SS method, and allowed a reduction of approximately 24.4 minutes per segment. The estimated blood loss were similar in both groups, and with regards to post-operative outcomes, both groups improved equally well. The rates of screw deviation and fusion were also similar. Conclusions In the case of performing the combined anterior-posterior surgery under a single position, the anterior and posterior procedure can be performed independently and simultaneously by two spine surgeons by utilizing the 3D fluoroscopy-based navigation. The surgical time can be significantly reduced by approximately 24.4 minutes per segment comparing to the SS method

A Study on Educational Demands of the Financial World : Focusing on Demands of Diversifying Educational System

The financial world in Japan has appealed many educational demands after the war. And they have had much influence on the tendency of educational policy. What the financial world has consistently demanded is to diversify educational system. Focusing on it, in this paper we intend to clarify its contents historically. Demands of diversifying educational system was founded on two logics. One was of diversity in social demands, the other was of diversity in the individuals. One of the peculiar features in these days is that these demands have been strongly appealed basing on diversity in ability and aptitude of the individuals. It\u27s thought necessary to diversity educational system because of "esteeming individuality and creativity", and this opinion is firmly related to its recognition of the "post industrial society"

Correlation of Blood Platelet Count and Petechiae on the Visible Mucous Membrane in Grazing Cattle

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Ruth BohunovskyCoorientadora: Drª. Carmen SchierDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras e Universidade de Leipzig. Defesa : Curitiba, 17/12/2019Inclui referências: p. 87-90Área de concentração: Estudos LinguísticosResumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise acerca da representação da mulher em letras de rap feministas e como essas poderiam ser didatizadas para o contexto brasileiro de ensino de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE). Entre as letras de rap escolhidas para a análise - "Die Gretchenfrage" da rapper austríaca Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" da rapper alemã Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" do rapper alemão Danger Dan e "Gelernt" da banda Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi - há algumas cantadas a partir de uma perspectiva masculina. Após uma discussão teórica sobre as particularidades do gênero textual rap e dos questionamentos atuais sobre a inserção desse gênero em livros didáticos e em sala de aula, apresenta-se uma análise das quatro letras de rap que compõem o corpus. Essa análise leva em consideração discursos feministas da atualidade e baseia-se no método de análise discursiva de textos em língua alemã proposto por Claus Altmayer (2007), assim como no conceito de Letramento Crítico. Baseado na análise realizada, o trabalho mostra que as mulheres são retratadas em situação de vulnerabilidade e ao mesmo tempo também de empoderamento. O presente trabalho almeja responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: Que relevância didática possuem letras de raps feministas para o ensino de ALE em contexto brasileiro? Quais padrões de interpretação da imagem das mulheres podem ser reconstruídos em letras de rap feministas? De que forma as letras de rap feministas podem ser usadas para tematizar a igualdade de gênero em sala de aula de ALE? Por fim, propõe-se alguns exercícios para a inserção das letras de rap analisadas no presente trabalho no ensino de ALE em contexto brasileiro. Palavras-chave: Alemão como Língua Estrangeira. Estudos culturais. Padrão de interpretação cultural. Estudos de gênero. Imagem da mulher. Hip-hop. Rap.Abstract: The present work aims to analyze the representation of women in feminist rap lyrics and how these could be taught in the Brazilian context of teaching German as a Foreign Language (GFL). Among the rap lyrics chosen for analysis - "Die Gretchenfrage" from Austrian Rapper Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" from German Rapper Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" from German Rapper Danger Dan and "Gelernt" from the diverse band Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi - there are some sung from a male perspective. After a theoretical discussion about the particularities of the rap as a textual genre and the current questions about the insertion of this genre in textbooks and in the classroom, an analysis of the four rap lyrics that make up the corpus is presented. This analysis considers feminist discourses today and is based on the method of discursive analysis of texts in German language proposed by Claus Altmayer (2007), as well as on the concept of Critical Literacy. Based on the analysis performed, the present work shows that women are portrayed in a situation of vulnerability and empowerment at the same time. This work aims to answer the following research questions: What didactic relevance do feminist rap lyrics have for teaching GFL in the Brazilian context? What patterns of women's image interpretation can be reconstructed in feminist rap lyrics? How can feminist rap lyrics be used to address gender equality in the GFL classroom? Finally, some exercises for the insertion of rap lyrics analyzed in the present work in the teaching of GFL in a Brazilian context are proposed. Keywords: German as a foreign language. Cultural studies. Cultural interpretation pattern. Gender studies. Perception of women. Hip-hop. RapZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll untersucht werden, wie Frauen in feministischen Raptexten vertreten sind und wie diese Texte für den brasilianischen Kontext des Unterrichts von Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) verwendet werden können. Unter den für die Analyse ausgewählten Raptexten "Die Gretchenfrage" der österreichischen Rapperin Yasmo, "Die Freundin von" der deutschen Rapperin Sookee, "Sand in die Augen" des deutschen Rapper Danger Dan und "Gelernt" der Band Käptn Peng & Die Tentakel von Delphi gibt es einige, die aus einer männlichen Sicht gesungen sind. Nach einer theoretischen Diskussion über die Besonderheiten des Rap als Textsorte und die aktuellen Fragen zur Einfügung dieser Textsorte in Lehrwerken und im Klassenzimmer folgt eine Analyse der vier Raptexte, aus denen das Korpus dieser Masterarbeit besteht. Diese Analyse berücksichtigt die heutigen feministischen Debatten und basiert auf dem von Claus Altmayer (2007) vorgeschlagenen Verfahren der diskursiven Analyse von Texten in deutscher Sprache sowie auf dem Konzept des "Letramento Crítico". Basierend auf der durchgeführten Analyse zeigt die Arbeit, dass Frauen oft als verletztlich und gleichzeitig machtvoll dargestellt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die folgenden Forschungsfragen zu beantworten: Welchen didaktischen Mehrwert haben feministische deutschsprachige Raptexte für den DaFUnterricht im brasilianischen Raum? Welche Deutungsmuster zum Frauenbild lassen sich in feministischen deutschsprachigen Raptexten rekonstruieren? Inwiefern können feministische Raptexte dazu beitragen, die Debatte über Geschlechtergleichstellung im DaF-Unterricht zu thematisieren? Anschließend werden einige Möglichkeiten zum Einsatz von Raptexten vorgeschlagen, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit zum DaF-Unterricht im brasilianischen Kontext analysiert wurden. Stichwörter: Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Kulturstudien. Kulturelles Deutungsmuster. Genderforschung. Frauenbild. Hip-Hop. Rap

Magnetic gap of fe-doped BiSbTe₂Se bulk single crystals detected by tunneling spectroscopy and gate-controlled transports

Topological insulators with broken time-reversal symmetry and the Fermi level within the magnetic gap at the Dirac cone provides exotic topological magneto-electronic phenomena. Here, we introduce an improved magnetically doped topological insulator, Fe-doped BiSbTe2Se (Fe-BSTS) bulk single crystal, with an ideal Fermi level. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements revealed that the surface state possesses a Dirac cone with the Dirac point just below the Fermi level by 12 meV. The normalized dI/dV spectra suggest a gap opening with Δmag ~55 meV, resulting in the Fermi level within the opened gap. Ionic-liquid gated-transport measurements also support the Dirac point just below the Fermi level and the presence of the magnetic gap. The chemical potential of the surface state can be fully tuned by ionic-liquid gating, and thus the Fe-doped BSTS provides an ideal platform to investigate exotic quantum topological phenomena.</p