リアルタイムMRI動画から抽出した声道の輪郭に基づく平均声道の基礎的検討

Chiba Institute of TechnologyChiba Institute of Technology会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2021, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2021年9月13日-14日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センターリアルタイムMRI動画における声道の輪郭は不鮮明であり，声道形状や調音運動を定量的に分析するためには輪郭を点群として抽出する必要がある。しかし，多量の動画フレームから輪郭を手動で抽出することは困難である。そこで，20名の話者の声道各部の概形を分析し，トレースする話者とフレームを決定して，輪郭を自動抽出する学習器を生成した。そして，この学習器を用いて，全ての話者の動画から輪郭を抽出して抽出精度を評価した。その結果，学習器に含まれていない話者であっても，学習器に含まれている話者と同程度の精度で輪郭を抽出可能であることが明らかになった。さらに，男女7名ずつの安静呼吸時の声道形状の輪郭から平均声道を求め，主成分分析した。その結果，第1主成分は声道の大きさ，第2主成分は首の角度，第3主成分は下顎の前後方向の大きさと口の開きを表すことなどが明らかになった

Speech organ contour extraction using real-time MRI and machine learning method

Chiba Institute of TechnologyChiba Institute of TechnologyChiba Institute of TechnologyChiba Institute of TechnologyKonan UniversityNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsReal-time MRI can be used to obtain videos that describe articulatory movements during running speech. For detailed analysis based on a large number of video frames, it is necessary to extract the contours of speech organs, such as the tongue, semi-automatically. The present study attempted to extract the contours of speech organs from videos using a machine learning method. First, an expert operator manually extracted the contours from the frames of a video to build training data sets. The learning operators, or learners, then extracted the contours from each frame of the video. Finally, the errors representing the geometrical distance between the extracted contours and the ground truth, which were the contours excluded from the training data sets, were examined. The results showed that the contours extracted using machine learning were closer to the ground truth than the contours traced by other expert and non-expert operators. In addition, using the same learners, the contours were extracted from other naive videos obtained during different speech tasks of the same subject. As a result, the errors in those videos were similar to those in the video in which the learners were trained

EMAによる調音運動観測のための咬合面と口蓋の計測法

国立国語研究所甲南大学早稲田大学千葉工業大学国立国語研究所National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsKonan UniversityWaseda UniversityChiba Institute of TechnologyNational Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistic

リアルタイムMRI動画日本語調音運動データベースの設計

National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsWaseda UniversityNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsATR-PromotionsATR-PromotionsChiba Institute of TechnologyKonan UniversityTakushoku UniversityNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsNational Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsWaseda UniversityWaseda UniversityPicolab会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2020, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2020年9月8日−9日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センターわれわれは、日本語に関する調音音声学的研究の新しいインフラ提供をめざして、調音運動データベースの構築を進めてきている。声道全体の形状変化を毎秒14 ないし25 フレームのリアルタイムMRI 動画として記録したデータが、現時点で東京方言16 名、近畿方言5名分収録済である。1 名あたりの発話量は25〜30 分である。データには個々の発話の開始時刻と終了時刻のタグが付与されており、他に発話内容と話者に関するメタデータを検索に利用できる

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

ヒト ト チンパンジー ノ ゼッキン ノ ケイタイガクテキ ケンキュウ ト 3ジゲン モデリング

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第8581号理博第2259号新制||理||1191(附属図書館)UT51-2000-P634京都大学大学院理学研究科動物学専攻(主査)教授 石田 英實, 教授 山岸 哲, 教授 西田 利貞学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Vocal Tract Warping for Normalizing Inter-Speaker Differences in Vocal Tract Transfer Functions

Vocal tract warping functions for normalizing vocal tract transfer functions of seven male subjects were calculated based on a vocal tract deformation method based on the vocal tract length sensitivity function. Vocal tract area functions for the five Japanese vowels of six subjects were tuned for their first four formant frequencies to be close to those of a target subject. The vocal tract warping functions were obtained as relationship between the original and deformed area functions. The results indicate that (1) the warping functions are not linear functions, (2) the vocal tract length of the deformed area functions are different from that of the target subject, and (3) the shape of the warping functions of the five vowels are not constant for each subject.APSIPA ASC 2009: Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association, 2009 Annual Summit and Conference. 4-7 October 2009. Sapporo, Japan. Oral session: Synthesis of Various Affective Speech Based on Knowledge of Human (6 October 2009)

Toward HRTF personalization: an auditory-perceptual evaluation of simulated and measured HRTFs

Presented at the 14th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2008) on June 24-27, 2008 in Paris, France.Sound localization tests were carried out with two subjects using a Virtual Auditory Display (VAD) to determine the intersubject effects on localization accuracy, of employing either acoustically measured or Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)-simulated Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs). Results indicate that the simulated HRTFs were able to yield comparable localization performance and carried sufficient acoustic cues for personalization

Effects of side cavities and tongue stabilization: possible extensions of quantal theory

International audienceThis article provides experimental evidence for two hypotheses, "the interdental-space effect" and the "stabilization effect", that may help to understand quantal acoustic properties of certain vowels. The interdental-space effect has its basis on the hypothesis [Stevens, K. N., & Perkell, J. S. (1977). Speech physiology and phonetic features. In M. S. Sawashima, & F. Cooper (Eds.), Dynamic aspect of speech production (pp. 323-341). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press] that the gap between the upper and lower dental arches is involved in abrupt changes of oral cavity volume between low and high vowels. Our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data indicate that this side cavity of the vocal tract is fused with the oral cavity in low vowels such as [a] but forms a bilateral side-branch in non-low vowels such as [i] and [e]. This abrupt change in the cavity's affiliation to the vocal tract contributes a discontinuity in otherwise smooth formant transitions. The stabilization effect [Fujimura, O., & Kakita, Y. (1979). Remarks on quantitative description of the lingual articulation. In B. Lindblom, & S. O¨hman (Eds.), Frontiers of Speech Communication Research (pp. 17-24). London: Academic Press] is the hypothesis that co-contraction among bundles of the genioglossus muscle stabilizes the formant pattern for [i], which was supported by analysis of electromyographic data. Our MRI-based measurement of tongue muscle geometry suggests an additional cause of vowel stabilization for [a]: posterior bulging of the tongue base for this vowel by the hyoglossus and styloglossus is mechanically limited by the parapharyngeal tissue that surrounds the extra-lingual styloglossus