NB-LRR-encoding genes conferring susceptibility to organophosphate pesticides in sorghum

Organophosphate is the commonly used pesticide to control pest outbreak, such as those by aphids in many crops. Despite its wide use, however, necrotic lesion and/or cell death following the application of organophosphate pesticides has been reported to occur in several species. To understand this phenomenon, called organophosphate pesticide sensitivity (OPS) in sorghum, we conducted QTL analysis in a recombinant inbred line derived from the Japanese cultivar NOG, which exhibits OPS. Mapping OPS in this population identified a prominent QTL on chromosome 5, which corresponded to Organophosphate-Sensitive Reaction (OSR) reported previously in other mapping populations. The OSR locus included a cluster of three genes potentially encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR, NLR) proteins, among which NLR-C was considered to be responsible for OPS in a dominant fashion. NLR-C was functional in NOG, whereas the other resistant parent, BTx623, had a null mutation caused by the deletion of promoter sequences. Our finding of OSR as a dominant trait is important not only in understanding the diversified role of NB-LRR proteins in cereals but also in securing sorghum breeding free from OPS

チイキ コウレイシャ トノ フクシ タイケン ガクシュウ ノ キョウイク コウカ ト チイキ コウケン ジギョウ トシテノ ヒョウカ

本研究の目的は，地域高齢者との福祉体験学習における学生への教育効果と、地域貢献事業としての評価をすることである。徳島大学歯学部では，医療人を志すものとしての自覚を持つことを目的とした取り組みを県内16カ所の施設で合計28回実施した。これは，学生が口腔保健指導「お口の健康長寿教室」において，高齢者を対象とした口腔機能訓練の補助者として体験学習するものである。学習後のレポートから， 到達目標とした地域貢献の在り方や歯科専門職としての役割を認識する学生が多くを占めた。一方，地域貢献事業として評価するため，参加職員への調査を行った結果，利用者への役立ちに加え，多くの施設職員の理解も深まったとのアンケート結果が得られた。以上から，本取り組みは学生への教育目標「医療人としての自覚を持つ」に沿った成果が得られており，また，施設職員の口腔機能向上プ口グラムへの盤解の深まりから，今後の継続が期待される。The purose of this study is to evaluate the educational effect by the welfare-experience learning program with aged people in community，and to evaluate this program as the regional contribution. This program is to aim at having a consciousness of becoming the dental professional in the University of Tokushima，Faculty of Dentistry，and they were carried out with 16 institutions (a total of 28 times).This program makes students accompany the oral health guidance"long-life oral healthy classroom"，and they carried out the experience study as on auxiliary person of the variaus functional oral-training for elderly people.By the investigation of the student's report, there are students who recognized the achievement objectives which are roles of the way concerning regional contribution as dental professionals in community. On the other hand，the questionnaire to the participating persoonnel was conducted in order to evalaote this program as the regional contrtbution. As a result，this program is useful to elderly people and the understanding of institution personnel is also deepened this practice. As mentioned above，the result of having is suitable for the educational goal "to have a consciousness of becoming the dental professional". Furthermore，this program was considered that future continuation is also expected by deepening of an understanding to the personnel's functional oral-training program

Transmission of Bordetella holmesii during Pertussis Outbreak, Japan

We describe the epidemiology of a pertussis outbreak in Japan in 2010–2011 and Bordetella holmesii transmission. Six patients were infected; 4 patients were students and a teacher at the same junior high school. Epidemiologic links were found between 5 patients. B. holmesii may have been transmitted from person to person

Successful Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization followed by Radical Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Severe Liver Damage

Introduction: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established as a curative therapy of underlying liver disease and cancer. However, the role of liver transplantation remains controversial for patients with HCC beyond Milan criteria. Case Presentation: A man in his 50s who was diagnosed as having two foci of HCC and advanced liver cirrhosis was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Both foci of HCC were located in segment 8 of the liver and measured 39 and 9 mm. Endoscopy showed esophageal varices that had a high risk of bleeding. After endoscopic ligation of the esophageal varices, he underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for downstaging of the advanced HCCs. No further liver deterioration was observed after TACE, and HCC staging was successfully downstaged to within the Milan criteria. One hundred ten days after TACE, he underwent liver transplantation; at 2.5 years after transplantation, he remains alive without HCC recurrence. Discussion/Conclusion: There are only a few treatment options available for patients with advanced HCC and severe liver damage. Multidisciplinary treatment such as locoregional treatments and prophylaxis of variceal bleeding may result in tumor downstaging, enabling radical liver transplantation without further exacerbation of liver damage

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

A Comparative Study of the Articulatory Development of a Normal Infant and Infants with Cleft Palate.

We described the developmental processes of articulation of meaningless and meaningful speech sounds in 1 normal female infant, in 1 male and 1 female infant with cleft soft palate, and in 1 male and 1 female infant with cleft lip and palate. We described nasals, plosives, fricatives, and affricates. 1. From the beginning of her repetitive babbling period, i. e. from 5 months, the normal female infant articulated meaningless speech sounds actively. At first, she articulated bilabial nasals [m], and plosives [p], [b]. Next, she began to use her tongue to articulate nasals, plosives, and affricates. At first, the articulatory movement of her tongue was not differentiated. She moved her tongue as a whole. The middle part of her tongue touched at hard palate and alveolar, and produced palatal nasals [ɲ], plosives [c], [ƒ], and alveolopalatal affricates [tɕ], [dz]. Then, after 1 year she differentiated her tongue movement at the back part, and articulated velar nasals [ŋ], plosives [k], [ɡ]. At last, after 1 year and 6 months, she differentiated her tongue movement at the front part, and articulated dental or alveolar nasals [n], plosives [t], [d]. 2. The infants with cleft soft palate and the infants with cleft lip and palate began to develop their articulation of meaningless speech sounds after palatoplasty. The processes of their articulation development were almost the same as that of the normal infant, described above. But most of them could not articulate dentals or alveolars by 2 years and 5-7 months. We did not find any difference between the infants with cleft soft palate and the infants with cleft lip and palate. The female infant with cleft lip and palate was the exception. She seemed to have incompetence in velopharyngeal function. 3. The normal infant began to use meaningful words from about 1 year. The number of her meaningful speech sounds increased from 1 year and 6 months. The infants with cleft soft palate and the infants with cleft lip and palate, except the female infant, showed almost the same developmental processes as that of the normal infant. But the number of their meaningful speech sounds, at 2 years and 5-7 months, were smaller than that by the normal infant. 4. The normal infant began to develop her phonemicization process from 1 year and 6 months. The developmental process of her tongue articulatory movement of meaningful speech sounds was the same as that of meaningless speech sounds. Almost 1 year after the age of articulation of meaningless bilabials, palatals, alveolo-palatals, she articulated meaningful bilabials, palatals, and alveolo-palatals. Almost 6 months after the age of articulation of meaningless velars, dentals or alveolars, she articulated meaningful velars, dentals or alveolars. 5. The infants with cleft soft palate and the infants with cleft lip and palate, except the female infant, began to develop their phonemicization processes, just after or several months after palatoplasty, i. e. from about 1 year and 6 months, almost at the same age as the normal infant did. And their developmental plocesses of meaningful speech sounds were almost the same as that in the normal infant. We did not find any difference between the developmental process of meaningful speech sounds in the infants with cleft soft palate and that in the infants with cleft lip and palate, except the female infant. At the same age or several months before the age of articulation of meaningful speech sounds, they articulated these speech as meaningless. The time intervals beween their ages of articulation of meaningless speech sounds and their ages of articulation of meaningful speech sounds were shorter than that of the normal infant. At about 2 years and 6 months, they articulated fewer kinds of speech sounds than the normal infant