The Ejecta Distributions of the Heavy Elements in the Cygnus Loop

We analyzed the metal distribution of the Cygnus Loop using 14 and 7 pointings observation data obtained by the \textit{Suzaku} and the \textit{XMM-Newton} observatories. The spectral analysis shows that all the spectra are well fitted by the two-$kT_e$ non-equilibrium ionization plasma model as shown by the earlier observations. From the best-fit parameters of the high-$kT_e$ component, we calculated the emission measures about various elements and showed the metal distribution of the ejecta component. We found that the distributions of Si and Fe are centered at the southwest of the geometric center toward the blow-out region. From the best-fit parameters, we also estimated the progenitor mass of the Cygnus Loop from our field of view and the metal rich region with a radius of 25 arcmin from the metal center. The result from the metal circle is similar to that from our entire FOV, which suggests the mixing of the metal. From the results, we estimated the mass of the progenitor star at 12-15\MO.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, PASJ, Vol.61, No.

Effect of Capsaicin on the Tight Junctional Permeability of the Human Intestinal Cells

Abstract: In arid and semi-arid lands, people eats many kinds of spices. Capsaicin is one effect active component of spices. Previously we demonstrated that capsaicin induced tight junction (TJ) opening in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. We showed that the increase of TJ permeability was involved in actin polymerization. However the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The major aims of this study were to determine the effect of capsaicin on intestinal epithelial TJ permeability and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process using an established in vitro intestinal epithelial model system consisting of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayer. Treatment Caco-2 cells with capsaicin increased TJ permeability as measured by transepithelial electrical residence (TER). However, TJ was recovered soon. Hence, in this study, we tested our hypothesis that influence on Caco-2 cells by the capsaicin is different depending on time moment. Our data suggest that capsaicin induced different influence depending on the time moment

Possible Charge-Exchange X-Ray Emission in the Cygnus Loop Detected with Suzaku

X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant indicate that metal abundances throughout most of the remnant's rim are depleted to about 0.2 times the solar value. However, recent X-ray studies have revealed in some narrow regions along the outermost rim anomalously "enhanced" abundances (up to about 1 solar). The reason for these anomalous abundances is not understood. Here, we examine X-ray spectra in annular sectors covering nearly the entire rim of the Cygnus Loop using Suzaku (21 pointings) and XMM-Newton (1 pointing). We find that spectra in the "enhanced" abundance regions commonly show a strong emission feature at about 0.7 keV. This feature is likely a complex of He-like O K(gamma + delta + epsilon), although other possibilities cannot be fully excluded. The intensity of this emission relative to He-like O Kalpha appears to be too high to be explained as thermal emission. This fact, as well as the spatial concentration of the anomalous abundances in the outermost rim, leads us to propose an origin from charge-exchange processes between neutrals and H-like O. We show that the presence of charge-exchange emission could lead to the inference of apparently "enhanced" metal abundances using pure thermal emission models. Accounting for charge-exchange emission, the actual abundances could be uniformly low throughout the rim. The overall abundance depletion remains an open question.Comment: Published in Ap

The Abundance Inhomogeneity in the Northern Rim of the Cygnus Loop

We observed the northern rim of the Cygnus Loop with the \textit{Suzaku} observatory in 5 pointings (P21-P25). From the spatially resolved analysis, all the spectra are well fitted by the single component of the non-equilibrium ionization plasma model. From the best-fit parameters, we found that the abundances of the heavy elements are significantly lower than the solar values except those at the outermost edge in P21 and P22. The origin of the depleted metal abundances is still unclear while such deficiencies have been reported from many other rim observations of the Loop. To explain these depletion at the rim regions, we considered the several possibilities. The effects of the resonance-line-scattering and the grain condensation lower the values of the abundances. However, these are not sufficient to account for the abundance depletion observed. We found that the abundances at the outermost edge in P21 and P22 are higher than those at the other regions. From the morphological point of view, it is reasonable to consider that this abundance inhomogeneity is derived from the breakout or the thinness of the cavity wall of the Loop.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, PASJ, Vol.61, No.

Heat-Stress Responses Differ among Species from Different ‘Bangia’ Clades of Bangiales (Rhodophyta)

Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Hiromi Nakao from Betsukai Fishery Cooperative, Shyoichi Itakura from the Hiyama Fisheries Extension Office, Yoshitomo Hamaya from the Esashi Branch of the Fisheries Co-operative Association of Hiyama, and Hidehiko Sasaki from the Main Branch of the Fisheries Co-operative Association of Hiyama for permission and support in collecting seaweed on Kamomejima Island in Esasi. We also thank Ryunosuke Irie for technical assistance in phylogenetic analysis, Chengze Li for the maintenance of ‘Bangia’ sp. ESS2, and Yuji Hiwatashi for technical assistance in microscopic observation. Ho Viet Khoa was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Puja Kumari is an International Research Fellow supported by JSPS with Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research in Japan (Standard). We also thank Hiroyuki Mizuta for permission of Ho Viet Khoa to study in the Miyagi UniversityPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Study on the qualities and abilities of art and crafts that systematically grow in 12 years of childhood: Through an appreciation class by the active learning

本研究の目的は，アクティブ・ラーニングによる図工・美術科の鑑賞授業を通して，本学校園で育みたい資質・能力のうち，「人間関係形成・社会形成能力」と関連する美術科の本質に根ざした資質・能力が，学年区分ごとについているか明らかにすることである。研究の方法は，小学校２，４年生，中学校１，３年生の子どもに対し共通作品をもとに対話型による鑑賞授業を実施し，授業における子どもの姿を分析し，指導内容や系統の適正について検討する。研究の結果，図工・美術部会で設定した目指す姿に近い様子が見られ，概ね力がついていることが確認できた。今後は，本研究を通して見えてきた鑑賞における学年ごとの発言や思考の特徴を，より具体的な姿として系統表に取り入れ，指導方法とともに改善をしていきたい。The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the qualities and abilities it came from essence of the art department related with "forming human relationships and social development ability" is related to grade level among the qualities and abilities that we want to cultivate at this school through an appreciation class by active learning. In the method of research, we conducted interactive classes based on same works for children of elementary school 2nd, 4th graders, junior high school 1st, 3rd graders, analyzed the appearance of children. As a result, it seemed that it was close to the aim position set by the art group, and it was confirmed that there were abilities almost. In the future, I’d like to incorporate the features of each grade's remarks and thinking in viewing through this research into a systematic table as a more specific form, and improve along with the teaching method

Learning Development that Nurtures Abilities for the 21st Century, Based on the Properties of Such Subjects as Manual and Fine Arts : Through the Improvement and Practice of Taxonomy Table

本研究の目的は，図画工作・美術科の教科特性を踏まえた21世紀型能力を育成する学習開発を行うことである。研究の方法は，まず図画工作・美術科のタキソノミーテーブルの４領域と，本校で培う３つの資質・能力の位置付けを整理する。その上で，「メタ認知」と「認知」の２領域に焦点を当てた題材と学習指導法を開発し，その有効性を検証する。検証方法は，質問紙調査，ポートフォリオの内容分析，授業中の観察記録の内容分析，作品の達成度の分析を行い，児童・生徒の教科の本質に関する資質・能力の向上について評価する。研究の結果，グループ活動を軸にゲストティーチャーや異年齢の子どもに対して相手意識を持ちながらかかわることを通して，資質・能力を育むことができ，学習開発において一定の成果が出た。The purpose of this study is learning development that nurtures abilities for the 21st century, based on the properties of such subjects as manual and fine arts. The research methodology employed positions Taxonomy Tables in four fields of fine arts, and three qualities and skills developed in this school. Moreover, materials that focus on meta-cognition and cognition, as well as learning guidance methods, were developed, and their efficacy was validated. The methods of validation were a questionnaire survey, analyses of portfolios and records of classroom observations, and analyses of achievement in artworks. Improvements in subject-specific qualities and skills acquired by students were also assessed. Certain outcomes showed that, in learning development, qualities and skills can be nurtured through their dealing with guest teachers and children of varying ages in group activities with an awareness of their counterparts

Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

BackgroundEnzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition.MethodsForty Japanese males who played American football (age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years; body height: 174.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 75.5 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of parallel group. Participants received either EMIQ in whey protein (EW, n = 19) or contrast whey protein (W, n = 20) 6 days per week over 4 months. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of oxidative stress, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed using a free radical analytical system. Data were analyzed using a univariate and repeated measures general model statistics.ResultsAfter 4 months, changes in lower limb fat-free mass and muscle mass were significantly greater in the EW group than in the W group (mean change ±95% CI; W: 324.1 ± 284.3, EW: 950.3 ± 473.2, p = 0.031, W: 255.7 ± 288.6, EW: 930.9 ± 471.5, p = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the EW group exhibited a significantly higher BAP/d-ROMs ratio, antioxidation index, than the W group after 4 months (mean change ± SD; W: 8.8 ± 1.1, EW: 10.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.028). No significant differences in body mass, lean body mass, fat mass, or lower limb fat mass were observed between the groups.ConclusionIngestion of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder for 4 months exerts antioxidant effects and increases muscle mass among American football players

Practice for the Development of 21st-Century Academic Achievement by Subject between Cooperation in Junior High School : Through the Global Educational Exchange by Means of English and Art

本研究は中学校の英語科・美術科の教科担任がグローバル教育の意識を持って，単元・題材を接続させ，連続性のある指導をすることにより，生徒に習得した知識・技能を地域社会へ向けた実践に活用させ，21世紀型学力へ通じる通教科的な実践力の育成の在り方を明らかにすることを目的とする。広島大学附属三原中学校の１，２年生を対象に授業実践を行い，外部評価者としてアメリカのアートリンク担当者やショートステイ家族に協力を依頼した。結果としては，生徒たちは美術作品を描いたり，鑑賞したりすることによって，気づいたよさや美しさを外国の方に伝える方法を考えて実践している様子が見られた。The aim of this study was to improve students’ communication skills. We worked with English teachers and art teachers to develop a curriculum through practice force leading to 21st century academic achievement. We targeted the teaching practice to grades seven and eight in Mihara Junior High School in Japan, and cooperated with both the Art Link in America and short-stay family as external evaluators. As a result, the students could express their impressions to people in foreign countries