Reliability and validity of a screening questionnaire for child abuse potential risk by mother's parenting

本研究の目的は,母親の養育態度における潜在的虐待リスクスクリーニング質問紙を作成して,その信頼性と妥当性の検討である.児童虐待予防と育児支援の視点から,適切な養育態度で子どものwell-beingへのリスクがない母親と不適切な養育態度の母親をスクリーニングするために補助的に活用する尺度を作成した.不適切な養育態度を直接尋ねる質問項目では,回答者への心理的な抵抗や虚偽の回答の高さにつながる可能性を考慮して質問文を肯定的な養育態度に変えて自記式の5件法の質問紙を作成した.3-6歳の幼稚園児母親407名(平均34.66歳SD=3.82)および主養育者である祖母3名(50-56歳)を含む410名(平均年齢34.81歳 SD=4.19)からの回答を因子分析した.その結果,15項目からなる3因子が抽出された.第1因子「力に頼らない態度」第2因子「自己肯定感を育む態度」第3因子「自己抑制を教える態度」とした.質問項目全体のα係数は0.8018で,各因子のアルファ係数は,第1因子0.7989,第2因子0.7174,第3因子0.8061で内的整合性があった.これら3つの因子は,身体的･心理的虐待と関連していた.質問紙はさらに検討する必要があるが,養育態度の潜在的身体的･心理的虐待リスクをスクリーニングする補助的な尺度として活用できると考えられた.The purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of questions given to mothers about parental attitudes which signal an underlying risk of abuse. From viewpoint of child abuse prevention and child care support, I developed an auxiliary questionnaire aimed at screening mothers whose parental attitudes directly might give rise to psychological resistance and false answers, so the questions were positively worded to measure the appropriateness of responds' attitudes on a scale of 1 though 5. Results from 407 mothes(mean=34.81, SD=4.19) and three main caregivers (range50-56) who have 3-6 yearoldkindergarteners(mean=34.66, SD=3.82) were analyzed. From 15 items, a factors. 1. “Rearing attitudes that do not depend on power" 2. “ Rearing attitudes which engender a feeling of self= esteem" 3. “ Rearing attitudes which teach control of desire". The overall internal consistency of items, as reflected in Crobach's α, was 0.8018. For factors 1, 2 and 3 the values ofα were 0.7989, 0.7174 and 0.8061, respectively. The questionnaire items based on these 3 factors measure the risk of abuse. Though they do not correspond directly with the classification of abuse, the questionnaire items based on these 3 factors. Related to physical abuse and psychological abuse could be used as an auxiliary questionnaire to measure parental attitudes showing a maltreatment potential

The review of cooperative studies in community health and school health

本研究の目的は，地域保健と学校保健の連携の特徴と傾向を明らかにし，連携の在り方について示唆を得ることである。研究対象は，医学中央雑誌及び雑誌記事索引を用いて，「地域保健」「学校保健」「連携」のキーワードで検索し該当した１９８４年～２００２年９月までの論文，１７５件である．研究から得られた知見は次のとおりである． １）１７５件の論文は連携の必要性を述べる論文４３件（２４．６％），連携の準備段階の論文４１件（２３．４％），テーマ設定があり連携の実践内容報告の論文９１件（５２．０％）の３つに分類された． ２）９１件の論文は「精神的疾患・症状に関する連携」１３件（１４．３％），「いじめ・不登校・保健室登校などに関する連携」８件（８．８％），「健康教育に関する連携」２３件（２５．３％），「身体的疾患・症状に関する連携」２６件（２８．６％），「ネットワークづくり」１７件（１８．７％），「複合領域にわたる連携」４件（４．４％）の６つのカテゴリーに分類された．各カテゴリーについてその傾向を考察した． ３）結果，組織間の連携とそのシステム化は顕在化する健康課題の解決に留まらず，健康課題の予防や関係職種の質の向上を可能にする．連携システムの構築はきわめて重要な課題である．The purpose of this paper is clarifying the feature and tendency of cooperation in Community health and School health, and acquiring suggestion about the method of cooperation. The available literature on cooperation in Community health and School health was here reviewed, using the Japanese central medical databese and magazine reports index for 1984 to 2002. The strategy used for the search was “Community health” “School health” “cooperation”. The result were shown, 1) The item of 175 classified three groups, describe the necessity for cooperation : 43papers (24.4%), preparation stage of cooperation : 41papers (23.4%), contents report of practice of cooperation : 91 papers (52.0%). 2) The paper of 91 was classified into six categories and were reviewed. Six categories are “cooperation about a mental disease and symptom : 13papers (14.3%)”, “cooperation about bullying, refusal to go to school, going to school-nurse’s office, etc : 8papers (8.8%)”, “cooperation about health education : 23papers (25.3%)”, “cooperation about a physical disease and symptom : 26papers (28.6%)”, “the organization of a network : 17papers (18.7%)” and “cooperation covering many domains : 4papers (4.4%)”. 3) By cooperation between organizations and its systematization, It does not only can solve actualized problems but also prevention healthy subject and improvement the quality of related profession. So, creation of cooperation system is greatly important theme

Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis defines novel molecular subgroups in rhabdomyosarcoma.

横紋筋肉腫におけるゲノム・エピゲノム異常の全体図を解明 -横紋筋肉腫を4群に分類-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2015-07-03.Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in childhood. Here we studied 60 RMSs using whole-exome/-transcriptome sequencing, copy number (CN) and DNA methylome analyses to unravel the genetic/epigenetic basis of RMS. On the basis of methylation patterns, RMS is clustered into four distinct subtypes, which exhibits remarkable correlation with mutation/CN profiles, histological phenotypes and clinical behaviours. A1 and A2 subtypes, especially A1, largely correspond to alveolar histology with frequent PAX3/7 fusions and alterations in cell cycle regulators. In contrast, mostly showing embryonal histology, both E1 and E2 subtypes are characterized by high frequency of CN alterations and/or allelic imbalances, FGFR4/RAS/AKT pathway mutations and PTEN mutations/methylation and in E2, also by p53 inactivation. Despite the better prognosis of embryonal RMS, patients in the E2 are likely to have a poor prognosis. Our results highlight the close relationships of the methylation status and gene mutations with the biological behaviour in RMS

実親と暮らせない虐待被害児の養育上の課題および看護支援に関する研究： 児童養護施設・ファミリーホーム・里親への全国調査を通して

京都府立医科大学医学部看護学科滋賀医科大学医学部看護学科福岡女学院看護大学看護学部看護学科名古屋学芸大学看護学部看護学科長崎大学大学院医歯薬学総合研究科School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefecture University of MedicinSchool of Nursing, Shiga University of Medical ScienceFukuoka Jo-Gakuin Nursing UniversityFaculty of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and SciencesGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University　本研究は、実親と暮らせない児童の養育を担う児童養護施設およびファミリーホーム、里親を対象に、虐待被害児の自立と生活支援の観点から、養育上の課題、看護師への相談・支援ニーズの検討を目的とした。　全国の児童養護施設593ヵ所、ファミリーホーム136ヵ所、里親1050ヵ所、計1779ヵ所を対象に485ヵ所から回答を得た。全体の回収率は27.3% で、調査の結果、児童養護施設における虐待被害児の養育困難な事柄として、①コミュニケーションの学習、②ストレス対処の学習、③年齢相応の学力の習得、④家族としてのルールの習得、⑤基本的生活習慣の獲得などが高い割合を占めた。　さらに、障害や慢性疾患をもつ児童の養育経験は児童養護施設、ファミリーホーム、里親の全てにおいて高い割合を示し、養育上の課題が浮き彫りになった。看護師による相談支援では「児童の身体や健康状態・病気」、「児童の精神的な問題」といったニーズが高い割合を占めた

Role of a conserved arginine residue during catalysis in serine palmitoyltransferase

AbstractAll sphingolipid-producing organisms require the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) to catalyse the first reaction on the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. SPT is a member of the alpha oxoamine synthase (AOS) family that catalyses a Claisen-like condensation of palmitoyl-CoA and l-serine to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS). Protein sequence alignment across various species reveals an arginine residue, not involved in PLP binding, to be strictly conserved in all prokaryotic SPTs, the lcb2 subunits of eukaryotic SPTs and all members of the AOS family. Here we use UV–vis spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis, in combination with a substrate analogue, to show that the equivalent residue (R370) in the SPT from Sphingomonas wittichii is required to form the key PLP:l-serine quinonoid intermediate that condenses with palmitoyl-CoA and thus plays an essential role enzyme catalysis.Structured summary of protein interactionsSPT binds to SPT by molecular sieving (View interaction

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

Association between Mothers\u27 Concern about Child Rearing and Their Parenting Stress

Many studies have indicated that parenting stress is an important factor causing child abuse. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the association between mothers\u27 concern about child rearing and the stress they suffer from in the practice. The study subjects were 222 mothers with children of two kindergartens aged 3-6 years, and the study was conducted from October to November 2004. We analyzed the responses from 152 mothers, who were aged from 23 to 43 years with the mean (standard deviation) of 33.9 (4.0) years. The mothers were asked in a self-administered questionnaire their attributes, and whether they suffer from child-rearing stress. Those who responded "yes" were asked to write about their anxieties and worries in child rearing freely in the specified space of the questionnaire. Furthermore, the Japanese version of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was used to investigate parenting stress. Approximately half of the valid responses (75/152) provided descriptions of worries/anxieties regarding child rearing, and we classified their description using KJ method. The PSI score was significantly higher in those who wrote "Difficult to control myself" than in those who did not (p=0.02) and was significantly higher in those who wrote "Don\u27t feel confident with child rearing" than in those who did not (p=0.03). In the present study, among 75 mothers who wrote about worries and anxieties in child rearing, approximately half of them wrote about worries and anxieties regarding parents themselves, which were significantly associated with some of the PSI subscales. Notably, the mothers whose writings were classified as "Don\u27t feel confident with child rearing" felt depressed, had insufficient social support, and had low self-evaluation for their parental capability. In conclusion, the present study suggested the importance of screening based on surveys about depression, social support and stress management