Association between Dental Caries and Influenza Infection in Children: A Japanese Nationwide Population-Based Study

Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Recent studies have suggested that dental caries harbor respiratory infections in adults. We investigated the association between dental caries and influenza in children. In this study, 42,812 children aged 2.5 years, 38,540 children aged 5.5 years, and 34,124 children aged 10 years were included in the analysis from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century in Japan, which targeted all children born during a certain period in 2001. We used information on dental caries treated at hospitals and clinics in the past year as exposure and influenza as outcome during the observation periods (1.5-2.5, 4.5-5.5, and 9-10 years of age). We performed a log-binomial regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, and stratified analysis according to previous dental caries status. The presence of dental caries increased the incidence of influenza in all three target ages compared with the absence of dental caries. The incidence of influenza increased with the presence of current dental caries, regardless of the presence of past dental caries. These associations were observed irrespective of household income. Early detection and treatment of dental caries may reduce the risk of influenza in children

Exploratory Work on the Spinning Condition of the Structure of Staple-core Twin-spun Yarns

In order to design and develop novel-spun yarns with good functionality, we investigated how to construct a core-sheath structure adapted from a multilayered structure of triplet-spun yarn and/or made from a twin-spun yarn with core-staple fibers using an experimental ring-spinning frame. The results were follows: (1) staple-core twin-spun yarn, a new yarn, could be made by applying the production method of triplet-spun yarn and/or combining the production methods of core-spun yarn and twin-spun yarn into one twisting process; (2) by adopting three rovings made from fibers of differing length and fineness, the resulting triplet-spun yarn had the core-sheath structure within an adequate spinning condition; (3) for the construction of core-sheath structure, it is important that there be a difference between spinning tensions at the center and the two sides of the drafted fiber strands or drafted strand lengths from the front roller nip to the point of yarn formation by controlling the distance of the supply rovings and the yarn's twist factor.ArticleTEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL. 80(11):1056-1064 (2010)journal articl

Gene Expression Profiles of the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Dogs Repeatedly Infected with the Cestode \u3ci\u3eEchinococcus multilocularis\u3c/i\u3e

The data set presented in this article is related to a previous research article entitled, The timing of worm exclusion in dogs repeatedly infected with the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Kouguchi et al., 2016). This article describes the genes \u3e2 fold up- or down-regulated in the first- and repeated-infection groups compared to the healthy controls group. The gene expression profiles were generated using the Agilent-021193 Canine (V2) Gene Expression Microarray (GPL15379). The raw and normalized microarray data have been deposited with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession number GSE105098

Theoretical Analysis of Length Measurement Using Interference of Multiple Pulse Trains of a Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb

As an alternative to the conventional method of measuring length as a function of the wavelength of a monochromatic laser source, we investigated the possibility of arbitrary distance estimation using the repetition interval of a femtosecond optical frequency comb (FOFC). The investigation is based on an analysis of the formation of the interference fringes of multiple pulse trains. It is found that distance can be measured as a function of the repetition interval between pulses by determining two values from the interference fringes of multiple pulse trains. One is the distance between temporal coherence peaks, and the other is the phase relation between the multiple interference fringes. Theoretical analysis and numerical investigations pave the way for the development of a new length traceability system directly linked to a stable FOFC for both scientific and industrial uses.

Absolute Measurement of Baselines up to 403 m Using Heterodyne Temporal Coherence Interferometer with Optical Frequency

A heterodyne interference system is developed for baseline measurement by using an acoustic optical modulator and an optical frequency comb stabilized by a rubidium atomic clock. Temporal coherence interference occurs at discrete spatial positions, when two pulse trains overlap. An optical delay of the interferometer with a piezoelectric transducer is created to determine the peak positions of the interference fringe patterns, and the absolute distance is obtained at a high resolution of several tens of nanometers. The experimental results at baseline distances up to 403.2 m show a high reproducibility of about 6 m. # 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics L ong-distance absolute measurements with high accuracy are required when constructing huge industrial and scientific facilities. In particular, the quality and safety of such facilities must be evaluated through measurements of hundreds of meters with accuracy better than 10 m. Recently; an optical frequency comb has been considered a useful tool for realizing such measurement systems, because of its precise pulse-repetition frequency, which is an accuracy of 10 À11 . Therefore, an optical frequency comb can be directly used for absolute measurement not only of frequency levels 1-3) but also of various distances. We have developed a new heterodyne temporal-coherence interferometer in order to reduce the effects of air turbulence and mechanical vibration. The interference fringes along optical paths between the zero and target positions are generated by changing the optical delay of the interferometer to be within 250 m. Experimental results show a high accuracy of several tens of nanometers for relatively short distance measurements. Furthermore, in situ measurements of distances up to 403.2 m under typical conditions have high accuracies of about 6 m. All modes within an optical frequency comb can be expressed using two parameters -the carrier envelope-offset frequency ( f ceo ) and the pulse-repetition frequency ( f r ). For integer N, the frequency of the Nth mode is described as f ¼ Nf r þ f ceo . For in situ long-distance measurements, conventional interferometers are affected by air turbulence and mechanical vibration, and therefore, are not easy to apply. In such cases, heterodyne interferometry is highly valuable, since this method is less influenced by the surrounding conditions. Optical frequency combs have a strong potential for use in heterodyne interferometry, because they are characterized by pulse-repetition frequencies that are traceable to the definition of second with a high accuracy of 10 À11 . For example, the frequency of an optical frequency comb is easily stabilized to the standard frequencies of a rubidium (Rb) optical atomic clock or a global positioning system

Comparison of Independent Optical Frequency Measurements Using a Portable Iodine-Stabilized Nd:YAG Laser

A comparison of two independent absolute optical frequency measurements has been carried out between the National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST), Tsukuba, Japan and the JILA (formerly the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics), Boulder, CO, using a portable iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser. The agreement between the two absolute measurements is better than the measurement uncertainty of 6.7×10-13 that can be attributed to the reproducibility limitations of the portable laser. This comparison is used to confirm the measured absolute frequency of an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser at NMIJ/AIST (Y3), which is reported to the Consultative Committee for Length (CCL) for the determination of the absolute frequency value of iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG lasers