Incident angle dependence of reactions between graphene and hydrogen atom by molecular dynamics simulation

Incident angle dependence of reactions between graphene and hydrogen atoms are obtained qualitatively by classical molecular dynamics simulation under the NVE condition with modified Brenner reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential. Chemical reaction depends on two parameters, i.e., polar angle $\theta$ and azimuthal angle $\phi$ of the incident hydrogen. From the simulation results, it is found that the reaction rates strongly depend on polar angle $\theta$. Reflection rate becomes larger with increasing $\theta$, and the $\theta$ dependence of adsorption rate is also found. The $\theta$ dependence is caused by three dimensional structure of the small potential barrier which covers adsorption sites. $\phi$ dependence of penetration rate is also found for large $\theta$.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figure

Toward the Parameter Hierarchy of Embedded Imperatives

This paper investigates cross-linguistic variation in embedded imperatives in terms of syntactic environments in which they can(not) appear, focusing on the availability of embedded imperatives in the clausal complement of verbs and nouns, and relative clauses. I demonstrate that there are four distinct types of languages regarding the possibility of embedded imperatives. I also suggest that there is an implicational relation among these types, which is captured through a parameter hierarchy

Losing a subject, keeping an indirect object: On the “semi-grammaticalized” speech verb in Meadow Mari

This paper investigates grammaticalization of speech verbs with special attention to the status of the indirect object (the goal argument). Based on a double dative construction and a semi-grammaticalized speech verb occurring in this construction in Meadow Mari, I suggest that there exists a stage of grammaticalization where the original speech verb loses its external argument (the subject) but retains its indirect object. I argue that this stage follows from Saito’s (2019, 2021) analysis of grammaticalization of speech verbs

Extracting Word Sequence Correspondences with Support Vector Machines

method of word sequence correspondences from non-aligned parallel corpora with Support Vector Machines, which have high ability of the generalization, rarely cause over-fit for training samples and can learn dependencies of features by using a kernel function. Our method uses features for the translation model which use the translation dictionary, the number of words, part-of-speech, constituent words and neighbor words. Experiment results in which Japanese and English parallel corpora are used archived 81.1 % precision rate and 69.0 % recall rate of the extracted word sequence correspondences. This demonstrates that our method could reduce the cost for making translation dictionaries

The Impacts of Covid-19 on the Tourism Sector: Changes, Adaptations and Challenges

This exploratory study charts the transformation of the tourism sector caused by the COVID-19 crisis. The article dissects five key domains of industry transformation: accelerated digitalisation, business model flexibility, human resources, travel restrictions, and risk perception and crisis management. It delineates the industry\u27s changes, adaptations, and associated challenges in each domain. A review and content analysis of 240 publicly available online documents was conducted. The results provide managerial implications and avenues for future research in tourism, including the hybridisation of tourism products, transformation of the service encounter style, adaptation to a shifting travel mode, and increased risk awareness and preparedness