Agenesis of Bilateral Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisors and Their Successors : A Rare Case report

Hypodontia is the term used to describe the developmental absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Hypodontia is relatively uncommon in primary dentition. It has a prevalence of 0.1%-0.9% in the primary dentition. Hypodontia can occur as an isolated or non-syndromic form and it can occur in association with various syndromes/systemic disorders. The exact etiology of hypodontia is not known. The absence of teeth in young patients can cause esthetic, functional and psychological problems particularly if the teeth of the anterior region are involved. The present article reports a rare case of non-syndromic hypodontia in a four year old female patient with agenesis of bilateral primary maxillary lateral incisors and their successors along with agenesis of unilateral permanent mandibular lateral incisor

Feto-maternal outcome in twin pregnancy

Background: Natural higher orders multiple conceptions are uncommon. The reported incidence ranges from 0.01% to 0.07% of all pregnancies. Multiple births are much more common today than they were in the past. Throughout the world, the prevalence of twin births varies from approximately 2-20 /1000 birth. Overall complications occur in approximately 83% of twin pregnancies as compared to 25% in singleton pregnancies. This delayed childbearing has resulted in an increased maternal age at conception.Methods: Present study is a randomized prospective study of 100 cases of twin pregnancies admitted at our institute from July, 2009 to October, 2011 including all emergency as well as registered cases. . Patients included in this study were from various socio-economic classes and they were having a different level of education. In all cases a detailed history was taken, all routine and specific investigations were done.Results: In this prospective study we observed 100 cases of twin pregnancies. In this study most of the patients (46%) delivered at 33- 36 weeks of gestation. 5%of patients had abortion at an early gestation. Majority of the patients delivered vaginally (61%), followed by LSCS (Lower Segment Caesarean Section) (38%). In this study low birth weight babies were the most common (188 babies) to the extent of 94%. We had 11% (22) extremely low birth weight babies. There were 13 neonatal deaths (6.5%). We observed the highest incidence of twins in the age group of 20 -29 years. The least were below the age of 20 years. The incidence among primigravida and multigravida was almost the same.Conclusions: Most of the complications in multiple gestations are preventable. High risk units in the obstetric ward and well developed NICU set up would reduce the maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality

Chromosome Studies and Karyotype Analysis of some Triploid Banana (Musa Species) Cultivars of AAA Genomic Group

Bananas are the highly evolved, oldest fruits known to mankind. The Cavendish group cultivars are popular commercial varieties. AAA genomic group cultivars are said to have evolved from the wild AA Musa acuminata species by natural hybridization and polyploidization and these vigorous triploids were selected by man for cultivation. Basic cytological studies on banana are comparatively few due to the plant's complex nature. In this report, karyo-morphological studies on five AAA Cavendish group cultivars i.e. Robusta, Dwarf Cavendish, Grand Naine, Gros Michel and Red banana are reported. All the five cultivars had similar karyotype, except cv. Robusta. Total chromosome length was highest in Red banana and lowest in cv. Gros Michel

Dehydroxylation of Minerals of Gadisunkapur Area with Special Reference to FTIR and Thermal Study

This paper attempts to explain the presence of OH group for micas along with some sulfate, chlorite, quartz and feldspar minerals. These minerals are found to be associated with barite vein, metasediments (quartz-chlorite schist), metarhyolite and varieties of granitic rocks of Gadisunkapur area of Hungund-Kushtagi Schist belt. The samples were collected in and around Gadisunkapur village of Bagalkote district, Karnataka and further processed to determine OH group anion in different minerals present based on FTIR and Thermal studies such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal analysis (DTA). The high temperature dehydroxylation is investigated using this analysis. Furthermore, present study indicates the presence of different extra species (CO2, CO32- and OH-). The results show the incorporation of CO2 into the structures due to heating or enhanced by the dehydroxylation process

Traditional Phytotherapy for Snake bites by Tribes of Chitradurga District, Karnataka, India

Chitradurga is one of the central districts of Karnataka state and is flanked by Davangere, Tumkur, Chikmagalur and Bellary districts of Karnataka and Anantapur district of Andhrapradesh with much racial and socio-cultural diversity resulting in a cultural mosaic. Bedas, Besthas, Gollas, idigas, Kurubas and tribes such as Lambanis, Hakki-pikki, Jenukurubas, and Fruligas are the communities who are intimately associated with the local forests. The district at its extreme limits is situated between longitudinal parallels of 760 01’ and 770 01’ east of Greeniwich and latitudinal parallels of 130 34’ and 150 02’ north of equator. The geographical area of the district is 8388 square kilometers. The terrain is not uniform throughout the district and is characterised by vast stretches of undulating plains with intermittent parallel chains of hills. The district is characterised in having mixed and dry deciduous forests. An ethno-medicinal survey was undertaken in the district to collect information from traditional health healers/tribals on the use of medicinal plants for snake bites through questionnaire and personal interviews during study visits. The investigation reveals that the local health healers/tribals used 15 plants belonging to 11 families with 12 formulations (02 multiple applications and 10 single plant applications. The study reveals that roots were most frequently used (09 species), followed by leaf extract (04 species), latex and gum with one (01) species each. The study also reveals that many people of the district still continue to rely on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare. Recent trend shows a decline in the number of traditional health practitioners in the region since the younger generation is not interested to continue this tradition. There is little documentation of the ethnomedicinal knowledge was carried out in the district. In addition, several wild medicinal plants are declining in number due to the destruction and unscientific collection of plants from forests. Hence there is an urgent need for exploration and documentation of the traditional knowledge in order to ascertain the local ethnomedicinal plants. Therefore present study is an attempt to present ethnomedicinal observations recorded with respect to snake bites

Ethnomedicinal Plants and Associated Traditional Knowledge of Jogimatti Forest, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, India

India has one of world’s richest medicinal plant heritages. The wealth is not only in terms of the number of unique species documented, but also in terms of the tremendous depth of traditional knowledge for the uses of human & livestock health and also for agriculture. The medicinal plant species are used by various ethnic communalities for human and veterinary health care, across the various ecosystems from Ladakh in the trans-Himalayas to the southern coastal tip of Kanyakumari and from the deserts of Rajasthan and Kachch to the hills of the Northeast. Chitradurga district at its extreme limits is situated between longitudinal parallels of 760 01’ and 770 01’ east of Greenwich and latitudinal parallels of 130 34’ and 150 02’ North of Equator. The geographical area of the district is 8,388 square kilometers, which accounts for 4.37% of the State’s geographical area. As per the physioagronomic classification of the areas within the state; Chitradurga belongs to South-Eastern Cool and equitable maidan zone. The terrain is not uniform throughout the district and is characterised by vast stretches of undulating plains with chains of hills. General elevation of the district is between 500 m to 600 m above mean sea level. The forests of the division do not present a complex diversity either in their distribution or in composition. The forests are being retrogressed to various stages of degradation because of biotic influences like excessive grazing, lopping for fodder and fuel and unregulated felling, unscientific collection of medicinal plants by the health healers. The present investigation is an attempt to an ethnomedicinal plants survey was carried out in Jogimatti Forest, Chitradurga district, Karnataka, for the exploration of medicinal plants used to cure various ailments. Information was gathered from the tribes and local health healers through questionnaire and personal intereviews during study visits. The local health healers are routine use 50 medicinal plants under 36 families for the treatment of several diseases either in single [22 applications] or in combination with some other ingredients, [28 applications]. The study reveals that leaves, stem/bark were most frequently used [18 species], followed by seeds [13 species], Fl/fl.buds [09 species], roots [08 species], fruits [07 species], entire plant [04 species], and latex [03 species] for the treatment of various ailments like eye ailments, joint pains, paralysis, urinary infection, eczema, fever, rheumatic complaints, inflammations, leprocy, cough and cold, herpes, rheumatism, ring worms, asthma, wound/burns, renal pain etc. The study also showed that many people of Chitradurga district still continue to depend traditionally on medicinal plants for primary health care. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to present some interesting ethnobotanical observations in connection with Jogimatti forest of Chitradurga district

Over the counter (OTC) sell of sex enhancer drugs: an emerging public health issue in India

Background: As a result of lack of skilled service providers/doctors, there is increasing trend of over the counter (OTC) sell of medicine in India. Among these OTC drugs, sell of sex enhancer medicine is an emerging problem as these medicines are being advertised on large scale using mass media like Television, newspapers and Radio without any approval from drug controlling authority ‘Central Drugs and Standards Control Organization’. Purpose of current study was to study the trend of over the counter sell of sex enhancer drugs in India & to study health seeking behavior of patients with self-diagnosed ED in terms of self-medication.Methods: This cross-sectional study include interview schedule of 74 patients coming on 10 medical stores selected randomly in Jodhpur city in September 2013.Results: So 10% were found to buying sex enhancer drugs. Thirty eight percent among those buying sex enhancer medicines were Unmarried and 62% were married.92% buying sex enhancer medicine were Hindu and 8% were Muslim patients. Only 9.46% patients had consulted allopathic doctors and 12.16% consulted to Ayurveda Vaidya, 4.05% consulted local Quack and 8.11% consulted to friends but 66.22 % patients had not consulted anybody for Medication; but they are buying by self for self-diagnosed EDConclusions: This study therefor confirms that there is significant association between self-diagnosed ED and OTC sell of sex enhancer medicine in India. TV & newspapers, poster/banners are significantly important in providing information of sex enhancer medicines to self-diagnosed patients of ED.

Assessment of prevalence of domestic violence and mental health profile of adolescents exposed to domestic violence in an urban slum in Mumbai

Background: Domestic violence in adolescent age group with prevalence of 22.5% is a major cause for causing depression and other behavioral changes. These changes caused due to domestic violence in adolescent age group may persist or worsen in later life as adult resulting in substance abuse or criminal mentality or depression or phobias. Purpose of current study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence among the adolescents and to compare the mental health in terms of behavior, self-identity & depression among those with and without domestic violence and assessment of the contributory factors fueling domestic violence in the family.Methods: The study was conducted in Cheetah camp, an urban slum of Mumbai during Jan-March, 13. Study population includes subjects aged from 15-19 years fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria, a sample size of 74 (99% CL) was derived, using EPI Info software. Subjects were selected by random sampling & 7 households were visited for data collection from each sector. Scales such as AAMR-ABS, Hamilton depression scale and memory recall of the subjects were used in the study. Results: The prevalence of domestic violence in adolescence in cheetah camp urban slum was found to be 38.15% with various reasons. As the maladaptive behavior in the adolescent population increased the emotional violence against them also increased and was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Domestic violence is a major causal factor for causing depression of varying degree from mild to severe in adolescents. This depression or behavioural changes occurred during adolescent age group may persist life long and affects their life as adult resulting in failure for social and economic growth of them and of their family.

Pharmaco epidemiology of drugs used in post-cataract surgery patients in tertiary care hospital

Background: In India cataract is the principal cause of blindness responsible for 62.6% as per national programme for control of blindness survey and as per our knowledge, very few systematically analysed data are available on the drug utilization study pattern of medical intervention for post cataract surgery in India. Hence, the present study was under taken to generate baseline drug use data and analyse various aspects of drug prescribing practices.Methods: This study was conducted in department of ophthalmology BIMS Belagavi. A total of 449 patients’ prescription was analysed prospectively. The data was analysed statistically, and results were expressed as numbers and percentage.Results: A total of 2306 drugs were prescribed for 449 patients who underwent cataract surgery. All patients received topical eye drops includes bromfenac 0.1% eye drop and other one is a fixed drug combination of dexamathasone 0.1% plus ofloxacin 0.3% eye drop. Use of antibiotic in association with sex found to be significant (p- value <0.004). Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.1 and drugs which prescribed in generic name were 60.99% and overall percentage of drugs prescribed by brand name was 38.94% which includes 100% eye drops were prescribed by brand names. Fixed drug combination includes 19.50% and drugs from essential drug list used were 80.49%.Conclusions: Health care providers have to take initiative for rational prescribing keeping in mind that it is not only a matter of national policy but also to wellbeing of individual patient

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of chloramphenicol by 1-chlorobenzotriazole in acidic medium

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is an antibiotic drug having a wide spectrum of activity. The kinetics of oxidation of chloramphenicol by 1-chlorobenzotriazole (CBT) in HClO4 medium over the temperature range 293–323 K has been investigated. The reaction exhibits first-order kinetics with respect to [CBT]o and zero-order with respect to [CAP]o. The fractional-order dependence of rate on [H+] suggests complex formation between CBT and H+. It fails to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile under the experimental conditions employed. Activation parameters are evaluated. The observed solvent isotope effect indicates the absence of hydride transfer during oxidation. Effects of dielectric constant and ionic strength of the medium on the reaction rate have been studied. Oxidation products are identified. A suitable reaction scheme is proposed and an appropriate rate law is deduced to account for the observed kinetic data