Breaking Up is Hard to Do: Developments in Partitioning Real and Personal Property in Marital, Business, and Personal Relationships in Florida Jurisprudence

This article focuses on partition of real and personal property in Florida in the 21st century. It discusses questions and issues about partitioning real and personal property, so that private lawyers who practice in a variety of areas can familiarize themselves with how partition proceedings work. Partition of real and personal property is not restricted to one area of the law. Instead, it relates to and bleeds over into a multitude of areas of the law making it necessary for all practitioners to be familiar with the area of partition. Partition is now provided in all 50 states, and Florida’s partition law is regulated by Chapter 64, Florida Statutes. Partition may seem simple and straight forward for the purpose of dividing jointly owned real and personal property, nonetheless the partition process can be cumbersome, unpredictable, and confusing. When joint owners of real and personal property – whether they are married, unmarried live-in companions, cotenants as business partners and shareholders, or beneficiaries of real and personal property – come to a decision to part ways they often find that breaking up their undivided interests is hard to do. Today’s lawyers’ will come in contact with disputes regarding joint ownership of real and personal property especially on account of an improving economy. Cotenants are no longer reluctant to divide and sell their real property on account of the increased value of their jointly held real property in light of a growing and stronger economy. This article discusses issues pertaining to partition, including the following: stating a cause of action for partition and whether property is divisible or indivisible; exceptions to mandatory partition; what is property according to Chapter 64, Florida Statutes; treatment of a deposit and down payment when purchasing jointly titled real property; applicability of the statute of limitations to a partition actions; maximizing interests in real and personal property partition actions and the importance of a written agreement upon separation; contractual and statutory provisions for entitlement to attorney fees; other causes of actions that may be consolidated in a partition proceeding; personal and constructive service of process; when does jointly titled property vest in a cotenant upon death of an cotenant; setoffs and credits in jointly titled marital residence; the benefits and burdens of cotenants of jointly own real and personal property; homestead property and forced sale in partition; “ouster” of one cotenant and the effect of ouster on setoffs and credits; nonexistent and void ab initio marriage and its effect on joint ownership in partition; effect of Obergefell v. Hodges and same-sex marriage on partition

Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Wound Healing In Vitro Is Repressed by Non-Optimal Conditions but the Reparative Potential Can Be Improved by Water-Filtered Infrared A

It is a general goal to improve wound healing, especially of chronic wounds. As light therapy has gained increasing attention, the positive influence on healing progression of water-filtered infrared A (wIRA), a special form of thermal radiation, has been investigated and compared to the detrimental effects of UV-B irradiation on wound closure in vitro. Models of keratinocyte and fibroblast scratches help to elucidate effects on epithelial and dermal healing. This study further used the simulation of non-optimal settings such as S. aureus infection, chronic inflammation, and anti-inflammatory conditions to determine how these affect scratch wound progression and whether wIRA treatment can improve healing. Gene expression analysis for cytokines ( IL1A , IL6 , CXCL8 ), growth ( TGFB1 , PDGFC ) and transcription factors ( NFKB1 , TP53 ), heat shock proteins ( HSP90AA1 , HSPA1A , HSPD1 ), keratinocyte desmogleins ( DSG1 , DSG3 ), and fibroblast collagen ( COL1A1 , COL3A1 ) was performed. Keratinocyte and fibroblast wound healing under non-optimal conditions was found to be distinctly reduced in vitro. wIRA treatment could counteract the inflammatory response in infected keratinocytes as well as under chronic inflammatory conditions by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and improve wound healing. In contrast, in the anti-inflammatory setting, wIRA radiation could re-initiate the acute inflammatory response necessary after injury to stimulate the regenerative processes and advance scratch closure

Efficacy of antifungal agents against fungal spores: an in vitro study using microplate laser nephelometry and an artificially infected 3D skin model

Dermal fungal infections seem to have increased over recent years. There is further a shift from anthropophilic dermatophytes to a growing prevalence of zoophilic species and the emergence of resistant strains. New antifungals are needed to combat these fungi and their resting spores. This study aimed to investigate the sporicidal effects of sertaconazole nitrate using microplate laser nephelometry against the microconidia of Trichophyton , chlamydospores of Epidermophyton , blastospores of Candida , and conidia of the mold Scopulariopsis brevicaulis . The results obtained were compared with those from ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine. The sporicidal activity was further determined using infected three‐dimensional full skin models to determine the antifungal effects in the presence of human cells. Sertaconazole nitrate inhibited the growth of dermatophytes, molds, and yeasts. Ciclopirox olamine also had good antifungal activity, although higher concentrations were needed compared to sertaconazole nitrate. Terbinafine was highly effective against most dermatophytes, but higher concentrations were required to kill the resistant strain Trichophyton indotineae . Sertaconazole nitrate, ciclopirox olamine, and terbinafine had no negative effects on full skin models. Sertaconazole nitrate reduced the growth of fungal and yeast spores over 72 h. Ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine also inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and molds but had significantly lower effects on the yeast. Sertaconazole nitrate might have advantages over the commonly used antifungals ciclopirox olamine and terbinafine in combating resting spores, which persist in the tissues, and thus in the therapy of recurring dermatomycoses

Time Resolved TDLAS Investigation of Pre-ionization Effect in Dual HiPIMS Discharges

Time-resolved measurements have been performed during dual High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (dual-HiPIMS) with two cathodes in a closed magnetic field configuration. The dual-HiPIMS system, operated at a repetition frequency f = 100 Hz and duty cycle of 1\%, was equipped with two different metallic targets (Ti, Cu). Pre-ionization effect of the Ti pulse on the Cu pulse was investigated through argon excited atom density and temperature by means of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. We observed an enhancement of metastable density due to pre-ionization effect. It is shown that the peak density in the Cu pulse increases about 30\% for the case of 15$\mu$s delay then decrease as the delay was prolonged. The effect displays even stronger in the peak density in the afterglow, as well as in the atom temperature behavior. Although metastable atoms are abundantly available in post-discharge, they play minor role in the ignition of the subsequence pulse

Ivacaftor Reduces Inflammatory Mediators in Upper Airway Lining Fluid From Cystic Fibrosis Patients With a G551D Mutation: Serial Non- Invasive Home-Based Collection of Upper Airway Lining Fluid

In cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, the recent approval of CF-transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel modulators is considered to be the major breakthrough. However, the current first-line approach based mainly on pulmonary function to measure effects of the novel therapy, tested by forced expiratory volumes in one second (FEV1), provides restricted sensitivity to detect early structural damages. Accordingly, there is a need for new sensitive surrogate parameters. Most interestingly, these should quantify inflammation that precedes a decline of pulmonary function. We present a novel method assessing inflammatory markers in the upper airways’ epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained by nasal lavage (NL). In contrast to broncho-alveolar lavage, ELF sampling by NL is an attractive method due to its limited invasiveness which allows repeated analyses, even performed in a home-based setting. In a longitudinal cohort study (ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02311140), we assessed changes of inflammatory mediators in 259 serially obtained nasal lavages taken up to every second day before and during therapy with ivacaftor from ten CF patients carrying a G551D mutation. Patients were trained to sample NL-fluid at home, to immediately freeze and transfer chilled secretions to centers. Neutrophil Elastase, Interleukins IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-8 in NL were quantified. During 8-12 weeks of ivacaftor-treatment, median values of IL-1b and IL-6 significantly declined 2.29-fold (2.97!1.30 pg/mL), and 1.13-fold (6.48!5.72 pg/mL), respectively. In parallel, sweat tests and pulmonary function improved considerably. This is the first study assessing changes of airway inflammation on a day-to-day basis in CF patients receiving a newly administered CFTR-modulator therapy. It proves a decline of airway inflammation during ivacaftor-therapy

Fígado: vascularização colateral após isquemia induzida por clampeamento da aorta torácica

A visibilização e a identificação dos vasos que irrigam os tecidos é facilitada quando são utilizadas substâncias com poder corante e de distensão vascular ou meios radiopacos. Nesta pesquisa, em 22 cães foi realizada toracotomia lateral intercostal esquerda no 8º espaço intercostal e clampeamento da aorta torácica a ± 1 cm cranial ao diafragma. Em 10 animais, foi perfundida solução de gelatina/anilina e, no restante, injetado contraste vascular positivo e acompanhamento radiográfico. Foram identificadas artérias que vascularizavam o diafragma, mas não o fígado quando é efetuado o clampeamento aórtico no tórax.The visual observation and identification of the vessels that irrigate the corporal tissues is greatly facilitated by using special staining dyes and vessel distenders, or by using a positive vascular contrast solution. In this research, lateral intercostal thoracotomy was performed on the eighth intercostal space in the left side of 22 dogs followed by clamping of thoracic aorta ± 1 cm cranial to the diaphragm. Ten dogs were then injected with the gelatin/aniline mixture, and the other 12 dogs were given a positive vascular contrast solution. In summary, following clamping of the thoracic aorta, arteries that irrigate the diaphragm, but not the liver, were identified

Changes of Proteases, Antiproteases, and Pathogens in Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Upper and Lower Airways after IV-Antibiotic Therapy

Background. In cystic fibrosis (CF) the upper (UAW) and lower airways (LAW) are reservoirs for pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The consecutive hosts' release of proteolytic enzymes contributes to inflammation and progressive pulmonary destruction. Objectives were to assess dynamics of protease : antiprotease ratios and pathogens in CF-UAW and LAW sampled by nasal lavage (NL) and sputum before and after intravenous-(IV-) antibiotic therapy. Methods. From 19 IV-antibiotic courses of 17 CF patients NL (10 mL/nostril) and sputum were collected before and after treatment. Microbiological colonization and concentrations of NE/SLPI/CTSS (ELISA) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (multiplex bead array) were determined. Additionally, changes of sinonasal symptoms were assessed (SNOT-20). Results. IV-antibiotic treatment had more pronounced effects on inflammatory markers in LAW, whereas trends to decrease were also found in UAW. Ratios of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were higher in sputum, and ratios of NE/SLPI were higher in NL. Remarkably, NE/SLPI ratio was 10-fold higher in NL compared to healthy controls. SNOT-20 scores decreased significantly during therapy ( = 0.001). Conclusion. For the first time, changes in microbiological patterns in UAW and LAW after IV-antibiotic treatments were assessed, together with changes of protease/antiprotease imbalances. Delayed responses of proteases and antiproteases to IV-antibiotic therapy were found in UAW compared to LAW