39 research outputs found
An experimental vegetation management for increasing forest floor plant species deiversity of the Japanese alder swamp
鳥取県日野郡日南町神戸上のハンノキ沼沢林は中国・近畿地方で最大規模であり, 鳥取県の天然記念物および自然環境保全地域に指定される貴重な湿地生態系である. しかし, ハンノキ林床では, カサスゲ(Carex dispalata)・ミゾソバ(Persicarita thunbergii)などの高茎湿地草本や低木が繁茂し, 湿性草本群落の種多様性の低下が起きている. そこで本研究では, 湿性草本の種多様性の向上を目的として, カサスゲなどの生育を抑制するための植生管理実験を行うとともに, 表土撒きだし実験による湿性植生の再生の可能を評価した. その結果, 刈取りは低木抑制に,耕起はカサスゲの抑制にそれぞれ一定の効果があることが認められた. また, 表土撒き出し実験では地上部で確認できなかった湿性草本種が出現した. しかし, 高木層による被陰や湿原の富栄養化など林床植生の管理だけでは解決できない問題があり, ハンノキの伐採・萌芽更新などの抜本的な対策が必要であると認められた.
Discovery of Self‐Assembling Small Molecules as Vaccine Adjuvants
自己集合性ワクチンアジュバントの発見. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-07.Vaccine ingredients could be hiding in small molecule libraries. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-07.Immune potentiators, termed adjuvant, trigger early innate immune responses to ensure the generation of robust and long‐lasting adaptive immune responses of vaccines. Here we present study that takes advantage of a self‐assembling small molecule library for the development of a novel vaccine adjuvant. Cell‐based screening of the library and subsequent structural optimization led to the discovery of a simple, chemically tractable deoxycholate derivative (molecule 6 , also named cholicamide) whose well‐defined nano‐assembly potently elicits innate immune responses in macrophages and dendritic cells. Functional and mechanistic analyses indicate that the virus‐like assembly is engulfed inside cells and stimulates the innate immune response through toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7), an endosomal TLR that detects single‐stranded viral RNA. As an influenza vaccine adjuvant in mice, molecule 6 was as potent as Alum, a clinically used adjuvant. The studies described here paves the way for a new approach to discovering and designing self‐assembling small‐molecule adjuvants against pathogens, including emerging viruses
A Case Study on Avian Distribution Models Using Land Cover Map Derived from Satellite Imagery
Experimental cultivation of climbing plants to form green shade for parking lots
緑陰駐車場の形成に資する目的で,一般に流通している巻きつる型植物であるクズ,アケビ,ノアサガオを用いて成長期1シーズンの生育量と被覆率を測定した.また,重量法によって蒸散量量を推定した.その結果,成長期1シーズンでは,天井部を覆って十分な緑陰を形成するに至らなかったが,暖慢ながらも緑陰を形成していくものと予想された.また,重量法から推定されたノアサガオの日蒸散量は,単位被覆面積あたり2.10㎏程度であり,緑化材料として用いた場合の必要灌水量に示唆を与える値が得られた.The authors measured the growth and spread area of three species of commercially available climbing plants, Pueraria lobata, Akebia quinata, and Ipomoea indica, to estimate their suitability for use in green shade for parking lots. Transpiration rates were also monitored by weight measurements. The experiments showed that these climbing plants did not from a green roof in one growing season. However, these plants could be expected to from a green roof, as growth occurred slowly in steps. Transpiration by Ipomoea indica per cover green area per day was about 2.1kg, which provides an indication of the amount of irrigation required