Space rescue operations. Volume 2: technical discussion

Contingency planning, rescue vehicle requirements, operational considerations, and system analysis for space rescue operations - Vol.

Survival of Vibrio Cholerae, Biotype E1 Tor, Serotype Inaba in Seafoods.

The D values of Vibrio cholerae in oyster and shrimp meat homogenate were determined at 49(DEGREES), 54(DEGREES), 60(DEGREES), 66(DEGREES), 71(DEGREES), 77(DEGREES), and 82(DEGREES)C. In oyster homogenates, the D values in minutes were 4.7 at 49(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.35 at 54(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.35 at 60(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.33 at 66(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.30 at 71(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.29 at 77(DEGREES)C, and \u3c 0.24 at 82(DEGREES)C. In shrimp homogenates, the D values in minutes were 9.17 at 49(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.43 at 54(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.39 at 60(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.32 at 66(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.31 at 71(DEGREES)C, \u3c 0.30 at 77(DEGREES), and \u3c 0.28 at 82(DEGREES)C. Whole oysters, inoculated with 10(\u276) V. cholerae/gram, were cooked in boiling water (100(DEGREES)C) or in hot oil (191(DEGREES)C) for one minute. Whole shrimp, inoculated with 10(\u276) V. cholerae were cooked in boiling water (100(DEGREES)C) or in steam (100(DEGREES)C) for 10 minutes. Vibrio cholerae was not isolated from the cooked oysters or shrimp. Sterile and unsterile shrimp, oyster, crab, and crayfish meat homogenates were inoculated with 10(\u277) V. cholerae/g. The homogenates were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 krad and stored at 4(DEGREES), 0(DEGREES), or -8(DEGREES)C for 21 days. No V. cholerae were isolated from any of the homogenates treated with 100 krad. Vibrio cholerae was able to survive longer in the sterile oyster, crab and crayfish homogenates stored at 4(DEGREES) and 0(DEGREES)C than in the unsterile homogenates stored at the same temperatures. The organism was able to survive longer in the unsterile shrimp homogenates stored at 4(DEGREES) and 0(DEGREES)C than in the sterile homogenates stored at the same temperature. At -8(DEGREES)C, survival time was usually longer in the unsterile seafood homogenates than in the sterile seafood homogenates stored at -8(DEGREES)C. Due to the retardation of competitive inhibition the organism was usually able to survive longer in the unsterile homogenates stored at -8(DEGREES)C than in the unsterile homogenates stored at 4(DEGREES) or 0(DEGREES)C

Activation of Serotonin 2C Receptors in Dopamine Neurons Inhibits Binge-like Eating in Mice

Acknowledgments and Disclosures This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. R01DK093587 and R01DK101379 [to YX], R01DK092605 to [QT], R01DK078056 [to MM]), the Klarman Family Foundation (to YX), the Naman Family Fund for Basic Research (to YX), Curtis Hankamer Basic Research Fund (to YX), American Diabetes Association (Grant Nos. 7-13-JF-61 [to QW] and 1-15-BS-184 [to QT]), American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship (to PX), Wellcome Trust (Grant No. WT098012 [to LKH]), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant No. BB/K001418/1 [to LKH]). The anxiety tests (e.g., open-field test, light-dark test, elevated plus maze test) were performed in the Mouse Neurobehavior Core, Baylor College of Medicine, which was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant No. P30HD024064. PX and YH were involved in experimental design and most of the procedures, data acquisition and analyses, and writing the manuscript. XC assisted in the electrophysiological recordings; LV-T assisted in the histology study; XY, KS, CW, YY, AH, LZ, and GS assisted in surgical procedures and production of study mice. MGM, QW, QT, and LKH were involved in study design and writing the manuscript. YX is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The colonization history of British water vole (Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758)): origins and development of the Celtic fringe.

The terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene, a period from 15 000 to 18 000 Before Present (BP), was critical in establishing the current Holarctic fauna, with temperate-climate species largely replacing cold-adapted ones at mid-latitudes. However, the timing and nature of this process remain unclear for many taxa, a point that impacts on current and future management strategies. Here, we use an ancient DNA dataset to test more directly postglacial histories of the water vole (Arvicola amphibius, formerly A terrestris), a species that is both a conservation priority and a pest in different parts of its range. We specifically examine colonization of Britain, where a complex genetic structure can be observed today. Although we focus on population history at the limits of the species' range, the inclusion of additional European samples allows insights into European postglacial colonization events and provides a molecular perspective on water vole taxonomy

Radiation from a uniformly accelerating harmonic oscillator

We consider a radiation from a uniformly accelerating harmonic oscillator whose minimal coupling to the scalar field changes suddenly. The exact time evolutions of the quantum operators are given in terms of a classical solution of a forced harmonic oscillator. After the jumping of the coupling constant there occurs a fast absorption of energy into the oscillator, and then a slow emission follows. Here the absorbed energy is independent of the acceleration and proportional to the log of a high momentum cutoff of the field. The emitted energy depends on the acceleration and also proportional to the log of the cutoff. Especially, if the coupling is comparable to the natural frequency of the detector ($e^2/(4m) \sim \omega_0$) enormous energies are radiated away from the oscillator.Comment: 26 pages, 1 eps figure, RevTeX, minor correction in grammar, add a discussio

EM and XRM Connectomics Imaging and Experimental Metadata Standards

High resolution volumetric neuroimaging datasets from electron microscopy (EM) and x-ray micro and holographic-nano tomography (XRM/XHN) are being generated at an increasing rate and by a growing number of research teams. These datasets are derived from an increasing number of species, in an increasing number of brain regions, and with an increasing number of techniques. Each of these large-scale datasets, often surpassing petascale levels, is typically accompanied by a unique and varied set of metadata. These datasets can be used to derive connectomes, or neuron-synapse level connectivity diagrams, to investigate the fundamental organization of neural circuitry, neuronal development, and neurodegenerative disease. Standardization is essential to facilitate comparative connectomics analysis and enhance data utilization. Although the neuroinformatics community has successfully established and adopted data standards for many modalities, this effort has not yet encompassed EM and XRM/ XHN connectomics data. This lack of standardization isolates these datasets, hindering their integration and comparison with other research performed in the field. Towards this end, our team formed a working group consisting of community stakeholders to develop Image and Experimental Metadata Standards for EM and XRM/XHN data to ensure the scientific impact and further motivate the generation and sharing of these data. This document addresses version 1.1 of these standards, aiming to support metadata services and future software designs for community collaboration. Standards for derived annotations are described in a companion document. Standards definitions are available on a community github page. We hope these standards will enable comparative analysis, improve interoperability between connectomics software tools, and continue to be refined and improved by the neuroinformatics community.Comment: 15 Pages, 3 figures, 2 table

Anorectal motility in patients with achalasia of the esophagus: recognition of an esophago-rectal syndrome

BACKGROUND: During my study of constipation, I encountered patients who had achalasia of the esophagus (AE) as well. The possibility of an existing relationship between the 2 conditions was studied. METHOD: Investigations to study the anorectal motility in 9 AE patients included: the intestinal transit time, anorectal manometry, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, defecography and electromyography (EMG) of external anal sphincter and levator ani muscle. Anorectal biopsy was done. The study comprised 8 healthy volunteers as controls. RESULTS: 6/9 AE patients had constipation presenting as strainodynia (excessive prolonged straining at stool). Rectocele was present in 4 of them. The 6 constipated patients showed significantly high rectal neck pressure (p < 0.05), absent rectoanal inhibitory reflex and aganglionosis in the anorectal biopsy. The EMG revealed diminished activity in 4 of the 6 constipated patients. The remaining 3 patients with AE had normal anorectal function. Heller's myotomy with Nissen's fundoplication improved the dysphagia, but not the constipation which was, however, relieved after performance of anorectal myectomy. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of constipation with AE postulates a relationship between the 2 conditions. Both have the same pathologic lesion which is aganglionosis. This study is preliminary and requires further studies on a larger number of patients

The characterization of Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from the scalder tank water of a commercial poultry processing plant: Recovery of a multidrug-resistant Heidelberg strain

The recent multistate outbreak of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg strain from commercial poultry production highlights the need to better understand the reservoirs of these zoonotic pathogens within the commercial poultry production and processing environment. As part of a larger study looking at temporal changes in microbial communities within the major water tanks within a commercial processing facility, this paper identifies and characterizes Salmonella enterica isolated from the water in a final scalder tank at 3 times during a typical processing day: prior to the birds entering the tank (start), halfway through the processing day (mid), and after the final birds were scalded (end). Over 3 consecutive processing days, no Salmonella were recovered from start-of-day water samples, while a total of 56 Salmonella isolates were recovered from the mid-day and end-of-day scalder water samples. Traditional and newer PCR-based serotyping methods eventually identified these isolates as either group C3 S. Kentucky (n = 45) and group B S. Heidelberg (n = 11). While none of the S. Kentucky isolates possessed any resistances to the antimicrobials tested, all S. Heidelberg isolates were found to be multidrug resistant to 5 specific antimicrobials representing 3 antimicrobial classes. Due to the potential public health impact of S. Heidelberg and the recent nationwide poultry-associated outbreak of multidrug-resistant S. Heidelberg, future studies should focus on understanding the transmission and environmental growth dynamics of this serotype within the commercial poultry processing plant environment.Keywords: S. Heidelberg, Scalder water, Multidrug resistanc