Physics, Topology, Logic and Computation: A Rosetta Stone

In physics, Feynman diagrams are used to reason about quantum processes. In the 1980s, it became clear that underlying these diagrams is a powerful analogy between quantum physics and topology: namely, a linear operator behaves very much like a "cobordism". Similar diagrams can be used to reason about logic, where they represent proofs, and computation, where they represent programs. With the rise of interest in quantum cryptography and quantum computation, it became clear that there is extensive network of analogies between physics, topology, logic and computation. In this expository paper, we make some of these analogies precise using the concept of "closed symmetric monoidal category". We assume no prior knowledge of category theory, proof theory or computer science.Comment: 73 pages, 8 encapsulated postscript figure

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

General analysis of longitudinal research data on psychological development from 0-17 years

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:8318.172F(SSRC-HR--1052)(microfiche) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The Inhabitation Problem for Non-Idempotent Intersection Types

Part 2: Track B: Logic, Semantics, Specification and VerificationInternational audienceThe inhabitation problem for intersection types is known to be undecidable. We study the problem in the case of non-idempotent intersection, and we prove decidability through a sound and complete algorithm. We then consider the inhabitation problem for an extended system typing the λ-calculus with pairs, and we prove the decidability in this case too. The extended system is interesting in its own, since it allows to characterize solvable terms in the λ-calculus with pairs

Game Semantics and Uniqueness of Type Inhabitance in the Simply-Typed λ-Calculus

Abstract. The problem of characterizing sequents for which there is a unique proof in intuitionistic logic was first raised by Mints [Min77], initially studied in [BS82] and later in [Aot99]. We address this problem through game semantics and give a new and concise proof of [Aot99]. We also fully characterize a family of λ-terms for Aoto’s theorem. The use of games also leads to a new characterization of principal typings for simply-typed λ-terms. These results show that game models can help proving strong structural properties in the simply-typed λ-calculus