Electrical system/environment interactions on the planet Mars

The Martian environment is a diverse environment with which systems will interact in numerous ways. Preliminary thoughts on electrical system/environment interactions which might be of interest to system designers at all stages of system design are presented. These interactions are primarily related to electrical charging, contamination, and Martian surface sand and dust

A chemical study of the waters of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District as related to fish culture.

Shortly after they were constructed, the ditches of the Middle Rio Grande Conservancy District were stocked with fish . The failure of fish to thrive in some areas of the ditches led to the funding of a study of the waters. This report gives the results of the study in layman\u27s terms.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/unm_bulletin/1000/thumbnail.jp

Identification of H19 polymorphism for an assessment of biallelic expression

Abstract only availableAnimals produced from assisted reproductive technologies suffer from developmental abnormalities and early fetal death at a higher frequency than that observed in those produced by natural breeding. These symptoms are reminiscent of imprinting disruptions, suggesting the possibility of an alteration in the expression of imprinted genes such as biallelic expression or silencing. H19 is one of the imprinted genes first identified in mice and humans, but its imprinting status has not been determined in pigs. The objective of this study was to identify an H19 polymorphism and estimate its frequency in the commercial pig population. In this study a polymorphism in the H19 gene was identified. The PCR products contained a pooled genome with over 900 specimens to support this finding. From the positive PCR products, the DNA was cloned and transformed with a TOPO TA Cloning kit (Invitrogen). Positive colonies were identified and digested with an AciI enzyme, which cut the DNA in specific fragments that were identifiable in a gel. Analysis of the gel showed evidence that a polymorphism exists on the H19 gene.F.B. Miller Undergraduate Research Program in Animal Science

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sea Beam System 'Patch Test'

A procedure, commonly referred to as a ‘Patch Test’, has been developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) to obtain correctors for Sea Beam system pointing errors and to verify system performance. The procedures described in this paper measure the biases associated with the fore and aft steering of the acoustic projector beam (pitch bias), the athwartship alignment of the received beams (roll bias), and the misalignment of the gyrocompass relative to the projector and receiver arrays (swath alignment bias). In addition, the repeatability of selected individual beams and the overalll system is determined. Verifying system performance before commencing survey operations is especially important with muiti-beam sonar systems. Because of the depths in which they are operated, pointing and alignment biases can introduce significant systematic errors in both depth find position of multi-beam soundings. Development of this procedure is a combined effort between NOS’s Office of Marine Operations and Ocean Mapping Section (OMS). The procedure was developed for General Instrument Corporation (G1C) Sea Beam swath sonar systems configured to integrate sonar, navigation, and gyrocompass data into the data acquisition system and produce single-swath contour plots from the onboard data processing system. The general procedure is also applicable to the new NOS Intermediate Depth Swath Survey System currently under development, and other swath sonar systems capable of creating single-swath contour plots

Patterns of Senescence in Human Cardiovascular Fitness: Vo2 Max in Subsistence and Industrialized Populations

Objectives—This study explores whether cardiovascular fitness levels and senescent decline are similar in the Tsimane of Bolivia and Canadians, as well as other subsistence and industrialized populations. Among Tsimane, we examine whether morbidity predicts lower levels and faster decline of cardiovascular fitness, or whether their lifestyle (e.g., high physical activity) promotes high levels and slow decline. Alternatively, high activity levels and morbidity might counterbalance such that Tsimane fitness levels and decline are similar to those in industrialized populations. Methods—Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using a step test heart rate method for 701 participants. We compared these estimates to the Canadian Health Measures Survey and previous studies in industrialized and subsistence populations. We evaluated whether health indicators and proxies for market integration were associated with VO2max levels and rate of decline for the Tsimane. Results—The Tsimane have significantly higher levels of VO2max and slower rates of decline than Canadians; initial evidence suggests differences in VO2max levels between other subsistence and industrialized populations. Low hemoglobin predicts low VO2max for Tsimane women while helminth infection predicts high VO2max for Tsimane men, though results might be specific to the VO2max scaling parameter used. No variables tested interact with age to moderate decline. Conclusions—The Tsimane demonstrate higher levels of cardiovascular fitness than industrialized populations, but levels similar to other subsistence populations. The high VO2max of Tsimane is consistent with their high physical activity and few indicators of cardiovascular disease, measured in previous studies

Depression and the incidence of urinary incontinence symptoms among young women: results from a prospective cohort study

Objective To examine the association of depressive symptoms with subsequent urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms among young women. Subjects and methods Data were from a cohort of 5391 young women (born 1973-1978) from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) were used to link depressive symptoms, and history of doctor diagnosed depression at Survey 2 (S2) in 2000 with the incidence of UI symptoms in subsequent surveys (from S3 in 2003 to S6 in 2012). Results 24% of women reported the incidence of UI over the nine-year study period, while the prevalence rose over time from 6.8% (at S2, aged 22-27 years) to 16.5% (at S6, aged 34-39). From univariable GEE analysis, women with depressive symptoms or a history of depression were more likely to report subsequent UI symptoms. This remained after adjusting for socio-demographic, body mass index, health behaviours and reproductive factors, with depressive symptoms associated with 37% higher odds (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61) and history of depression with 42% higher odds (1.42, 1.17 to 1.74) of incidence of UI. Conclusions When woman seek treatment for UI symptoms, health professionals should consider her current or history of depression

Productivity Loss Associated with Functional Disability in a Contemporary Small-scale Subsistence Population

In comparative cross-species perspective, humans experience unique physical impairments with potentially large consequences. Quantifying the burden of impairment in subsistence populations is critical for understanding selection pressures underlying strategies that minimize risk of production deficits. We examine among forager-horticulturalists whether compromised bone strength (indicated by fracture and lower bone mineral density, BMD) is associated with subsistence task cessation. We also estimate the magnitude of productivity losses associated with compromised bone strength. Fracture is associated with cessation of hunting, tree chopping, and walking long distances, but not tool manufacture. Age-specific productivity losses from hunting cessation associated with fracture and lower BMD are substantial: ~397 lost kcals/day, with expected future losses of up to 1.9 million kcals (22% of expected production). Productivity loss is thus substantial for high strength and endurance tasks. Determining the extent to which impairment obstructs productivity in contemporary subsistence populations improves our ability to infer past consequences of impairment

Voyager Observations of Anomalous and Galactic Cosmic Rays During 1998

We present energy spectra of anomalous and galactic cosmic rays over a wide energy range by combining data from the Low Energy Charged Particle experiment and the Cosmic Ray experiment on the Voyager spacecraft. The data set covers all of 1998. We compare energy spectra obtained from Voyagers 1 and 2. The energy range covered contains the peak intensity in the spectra for anomalous cosmic ray hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. The spectra presented can be used to constrain models of solar modulation