41,806 research outputs found
Fire and rescue service community safety initiatives: measuring impact
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss methods of capturing the impact of fire and rescue service (FRS) community safety work which directly aims to reduce the occurrence of specific incidents. Design/methodology/approach - The impact assessment method described focuses on addressing one of the major problems with regards to attributing outcomes to FRS community safety work; the influence of external factors. This paper looked to assess the incident trends within a case study UK FRS within the context of the following external data sets: first, incident trends within other UK FRSs; second, demographic trends; and third, incident data from other public services. Findings - There were instances, either across the whole region served by the case study FRS, or within specific districts, where evidence suggested a strong likelihood of the community safety work of the case study FRS contributing towards an observed reduction in incidents. These findings were established through filtering the impact of widespread external factors, which could impact upon incident figures. Research limitations/implications - The utility of this impact assessment relies upon FRS consistently recording the specific aims and focus of individual community safety activity, so that any positive outcomes can be attributed to a particular group of community safety initiatives. Originality/value - This paper discusses how an evaluation process, to deter mine the likelihood of community safety impacting upon incident numbers, can be practically applied to a FRS
The asymmetric sandwich theorem
We discuss the asymmetric sandwich theorem, a generalization of the
Hahn-Banach theorem. As applications, we derive various results on the
existence of linear functionals that include bivariate, trivariate and
quadrivariate generalizations of the Fenchel duality theorem. Most of the
results are about affine functions defined on convex subsets of vector spaces,
rather than linear functions defined on vector spaces. We consider both results
that use a simple boundedness hypothesis (as in Rockafellar's version of the
Fenchel duality theorem) and also results that use Baire's theorem (as in the
Robinson-Attouch-Brezis version of the Fenchel duality theorem). This paper
also contains some new results about metrizable topological vector spaces that
are not necessarily locally convex.Comment: 17 page
Preliminary Results on gamma gamma -> Ks K pi from CLEO
We analyzed 13.8 fb^{-1} of the integrated e+e- luminosity collected at 10.6
GeV center-of-mass energy with the CLEO II and II.V detectors to study
exclusive two-photon production of single hadronic resonances. We searched for
hadrons decaying into Ks K pi when both leptons remain undetected. In this
analysis we studied the detection efficiency and evaluated systematic errors
using independent data samples. We estimated 90% CL upper limits on the
products of the two-photon partial widths of (pseudo)scalar hadrons with masses
below 1.7 GeV/c2 and their branching fractions into Ks K pi. Our preliminary
results are marginally consistent with the first observation of eta(1440) in
two-photon collisions by the L3 experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, proceedings contribution for PANIC'0
Lambda-Cold Dark Matter, Stellar Feedback, and the Galactic Halo Abundance Pattern
(Abridged) The hierarchical formation scenario for the stellar halo requires
the accretion and disruption of dwarf galaxies, yet low-metallicity halo stars
are enriched in alpha-elements compared to similar, low-metallicity stars in
dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. We address this primary challenge for the
hierarchical formation scenario for the stellar halo by combining chemical
evolution modelling with cosmologically-motivated mass accretion histories for
the Milky Way dark halo and its satellites. We demonstrate that stellar halo
and dwarf galaxy abundance patterns can be explained naturally within the LCDM
framework. Our solution relies fundamentally on the LCDM model prediction that
the majority of the stars in the stellar halo were formed within a few
relatively massive, ~5 x 10^10 Msun, dwarf irregular (dIrr)-size dark matter
halos, which were accreted and destroyed ~10 Gyr in the past. These systems
necessarily have short-lived, rapid star formation histories, are enriched
primarily by Type II supernovae, and host stars with enhanced [a/Fe]
abundances. In contrast, dwarf spheroidal galaxies exist within low-mass dark
matter hosts of ~10^9 Msun, where supernovae winds are important in setting the
intermediate [a/Fe] ratios observed. Our model includes enrichment from Type Ia
and Type II supernovae as well as stellar winds, and includes a
physically-motivated supernovae feedback prescription calibrated to reproduce
the local dwarf galaxy stellar mass - metallicity relation. We use
representative examples of the type of dark matter halos we expect to host a
destroyed ``stellar halo progenitor'' dwarf, a surviving dIrr, and a surviving
dSph galaxy, and show that their derived abundance patterns, stellar masses,
and gas masses are consistent with those observed for each type of system.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by Ap
Telling the tale of the first stars
HE 0107-5240 is a star in more than once sense of the word. Chemically, it is
the most primitive object yet discovered, and it is at the centre of debate
about the origins of the first elements in the Universe.Comment: 3 pages, 0 figures, published in Nature "News and Views," Apr. 24,
200
Opportunities for use of exact statistical equations
Exact structure function equations are an efficient means of obtaining
asymptotic laws such as inertial range laws, as well as all measurable effects
of inhomogeneity and anisotropy that cause deviations from such laws. "Exact"
means that the equations are obtained from the Navier-Stokes equation or other
hydrodynamic equations without any approximation. A pragmatic definition of
local homogeneity lies within the exact equations because terms that explicitly
depend on the rate of change of measurement location appear within the exact
equations; an analogous statement is true for local stationarity. An exact
definition of averaging operations is required for the exact equations. Careful
derivations of several inertial range laws have appeared in the literature
recently in the form of theorems. These theorems give the relationships of the
energy dissipation rate to the structure function of acceleration increment
multiplied by velocity increment and to both the trace of and the components of
the third-order velocity structure functions. These laws are efficiently
derived from the exact velocity structure function equations. In some respects,
the results obtained herein differ from the previous theorems. The
acceleration-velocity structure function is useful for obtaining the energy
dissipation rate in particle tracking experiments provided that the effects of
inhomogeneity are estimated by means of displacing the measurement location.Comment: accepted by Journal of Turbulenc
First Results From the Large Binocular Telescope: Deep Photometry of New dSphs
This contribution describes photometry for two Galactic dSphs obtained with
the Large Binocular Telescope to a magnitude of ~25.5. Using the Large
Binocular Camera, a purpose-built wide-field imager for the LBT, we have
examined the structure and star formation histories of two newly-discovered
Local Group members, the Hercules dSph and the Leo T dSph/dIrr system. We have
constructed a structural map for the Hercules system using three-filter
photometry to V ~ 25.5. This is the first deep photometry for this system, and
it indicates that Hercules is unusually elongated, possibly indicating
distortion due to the Galactic tidal field. We have also derived the first star
formation history for the Leo T system, and find that its oldest population of
stars (age ~ 13 Gyr) were relatively metal-rich, with [Fe/H] ~ -1.5.Comment: Four pages, two figures. To appear in the proceedings of "Galaxies in
the Local Volume", Astrophysics and Space Science, editors B. Koribalski and
H. Jerje
Data from tests of a R4 airfoil in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel
Aerodynamic data for the DFVLR R4 airfoil are presented in both graphic and tabular form. The R4 was tested in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) at Mach number from 0.60 to 0.78 at angles of attack from -2.0 to 8.0 degrees. The airfoil was tested at Reynolds numbers of 4, 6, 10, 15, 30, and 40 million based on the 152.32 mm chord
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