Unauthorized Immigrants in California: Estimates for Counties

Estimates changes in unauthorized immigrant populations between 2001 and 2008 by county and zip code, including percentage of total population. Discusses the challenges of obtaining accurate counts and implications for policy

Illegal Immigration

Provides data on the number of illegal immigrants in the United States, countries of origin, areas of settlement, demographics, reasons for immigrating, economic role, and fiscal impact, as well as public attitudes and the immigration policy debate

Educational Progress Across Immigrant Generations in California

Explores the disparities in levels of educational progress among different immigrant population groups in California. Examines factors that influence educational attainment among youth by race, ethnicity, and generation. Includes policy considerations

Redetermination of diammonium thio­molybdate

In contrast to the previous structure determinations of the title structure, (NH4)2[MoS4], the present determination at 173 K localized the positions of the H atoms. The title structure belongs to the β-K2SO4 family and all the ions are located on crystallographic mirror planes. The ions are held together by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds (some of which are bifurcated), forming a three-dimensional network. One of the N atoms has nine contacts to the S atoms shorter than 4 Å, and the other has ten

Real-time label-free biosensing with integrated planar waveguide ring resonators

We review the use of planar integrated optical waveguide ring resonators for label free bio-sensing and present recent results from two European biosensor collaborations: SABIO and InTopSens. Planar waveguide ring resonators are attractive for label-free biosensing due to their small footprint, high Q-factors, and compatibility with on-chip optics and microfluidics. This enables integrated sensor arrays for compact labs-on-chip. One application of label-free sensor arrays is for point-of-care medical diagnostics. Bringing such powerful tools to the single medical practitioner is an important step towards personalized medicine, but requires addressing a number of issues: improving limit of detection, managing the influence of temperature, parallelization of the measurement for higher throughput and on-chip referencing, efficient light-coupling strategies to simplify alignment, and packaging of the optical chip and integration with microfluidics. From the SABIO project we report refractive index measurement and label-free biosensing in an 8-channel slotwaveguide ring resonator sensor array, within a compact cartridge with integrated microfluidics. The sensors show a volume sensing detection limit of 5 × 10-6 RIU and a surface sensing detection limit of 0.9 pg/mm2. From the InTopSens project we report early results on silicon-on-insulator racetrack resonators

Indeterminacy, Memory, and Motion in a Simple Granular Packing

We apply two theoretical and two numerical methods to the problem of a disk placed in a groove and subjected to gravity and a torque. Methods assuming rigid particles are indeterminate -- certain combinations of forces cannot be calculated, but only constrained by inequalities. In methods assuming deformable particles, these combinations of forces are determined by the history of the packing. Thus indeterminacy in rigid particles becomes memory in deformable ones. Furthermore, the torque needed to rotate the particle was calculated. Two different paths to motion were identified. In the first, contact forces change slowly, and the indeterminacy decreases continuously to zero, and vanishes precisely at the onset of motion, and the torque needed to rotate the disk is independent of method and packing history. In the second way, this torque depends on method and on the history of the packing, and the forces jump discontinuously at the onset of motion.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys Rev

New Hope: A Thoughtful and Effective Approach to Make Work Pay

This paper makes the case for a national program offering the kind of work supports that were part of the New Hope program, a policy experiment that operated for three years in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Our policy, like New Hope, would provide a set of work supports for full-time workers-both parents and nonparents, men and women-that would lift them out of poverty as well as provide essential benefits in the form of health insurance and child-care subsidies for people who needed them. Across all of the people offered the chance to participate in the New Hope program, including single men, work increased and poverty rates fell. Children in New Hope families performed better in school, were more cooperative and independent and had fewer behavior problems and loftier schooling expectations than children in the control group. Because boys have a higher risk of school failure and behavior problems than girls do, it is noteworthy that New Hope was especially successful in improving their school performance and behavior. With its positive effects on children\u27s achievement and behavior, a scaled-up New Hope program may well help to break the cycle of poverty for a sizeable number of American families in the next generation. With reasonable assumptions about the long-term value of New Hope\u27s positive impacts on children, New Hope easily passes a cost-benefit test

From genome to function: the Arabidopsis aquaporins

BACKGROUND: In the post-genomic era newly sequenced genomes can be used to deduce organismal functions from our knowledge of other systems. Here we apply this approach to analyzing the aquaporin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. The aquaporins are intrinsic membrane proteins that have been characterized as facilitators of water flux. Originally termed major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), they are now also known as water channels, glycerol facilitators and aqua-glyceroporins, yet recent data suggest that they facilitate the movement of other low-molecular-weight metabolites as well. RESULTS: The Arabidopsis genome contains 38 sequences with homology to aquaporin in four subfamilies, termed PIP, TIP, NIP and SIP. We have analyzed aquaporin family structure and expression using the A. thaliana genome sequence, and introduce a new NMR approach for the purpose of analyzing water movement in plant roots in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data indicate a strongly transcellular component for the flux of water in roots

An Ultra-High-Density, Transcript-Based, Genetic Map of Lettuce.

We have generated an ultra-high-density genetic map for lettuce, an economically important member of the Compositae, consisting of 12,842 unigenes (13,943 markers) mapped in 3696 genetic bins distributed over nine chromosomal linkage groups. Genomic DNA was hybridized to a custom Affymetrix oligonucleotide array containing 6.4 million features representing 35,628 unigenes of Lactuca spp. Segregation of single-position polymorphisms was analyzed using 213 F7:8 recombinant inbred lines that had been generated by crossing cultivated Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas and L. serriola acc. US96UC23, the wild progenitor species of L. sativa The high level of replication of each allele in the recombinant inbred lines was exploited to identify single-position polymorphisms that were assigned to parental haplotypes. Marker information has been made available using GBrowse to facilitate access to the map. This map has been anchored to the previously published integrated map of lettuce providing candidate genes for multiple phenotypes. The high density of markers achieved in this ultradense map allowed syntenic studies between lettuce and Vitis vinifera as well as other plant species

Activity Regions for the Specication of Discrete Event Systems

International audienceThe common view on modeling and simulation of dynamic systems is to focus on the specification of the state of the system and its transition function. Although some interesting challenges remain to efficiently and elegantly support this view, we consider in this paper that this problem is solved. Instead, we propose here to focus on a new point of view on dynamic system specifications: the activity exhibited by their discrete event simulation. We believe that such a viewpoint introduces a new way for analyzing, modeling and simulating systems. We first start with the definition of the key notion of activity for the specification of a specific class of dynamic system, namely discrete event systems. Then, we refine this notion to characterize activity regions in time, in space, in states and in hierarchical component-based models. Examples are given to illustrate and stress the importance of this notion