3,963 research outputs found
The Effect of Frequent Managerial Turnover on Organizational Performance: A Study of Professional Baseball Managers
This analysis is designed to study the question of a manager’s contribution to the organization, particularly in terms of uncertainty related to managerial succession. The theory of managerial succession, which is the replacement of one public manager with another, suggests a negative relationship between change and organizational performance. Organizations’ decision to change managers more often exacerbates the negative effect on performance. The hypotheses are tested using baseball managers as proxies for public managers, as they perform similar duties, have similar goals, and operate under similar constraints. The results suggest that managerial succession has a negative effect on organizational performance. Frequent succession events also have a negative effect on performance, although the relationship is non-linear in nature
Demonstration of non-Markovian process characterisation and control on a quantum processor
In the scale-up of quantum computers, the framework underpinning
fault-tolerance generally relies on the strong assumption that environmental
noise affecting qubit logic is uncorrelated (Markovian). However, as physical
devices progress well into the complex multi-qubit regime, attention is turning
to understanding the appearance and mitigation of correlated -- or
non-Markovian -- noise, which poses a serious challenge to the progression of
quantum technology. This error type has previously remained elusive to
characterisation techniques. Here, we develop a framework for characterising
non-Markovian dynamics in quantum systems and experimentally test it on
multi-qubit superconducting quantum devices. Where noisy processes cannot be
accounted for using standard Markovian techniques, our reconstruction predicts
the behaviour of the devices with an infidelity of . Our results show
this characterisation technique leads to superior quantum control and extension
of coherence time by effective decoupling from the non-Markovian environment.
This framework, validated by our results, is applicable to any controlled
quantum device and offers a significant step towards optimal device operation
and noise reduction
Treasure Valley State of the Region: Progress Report 2008
The original Treasure Valley State of the Region Report (2006) describes the Boise- Nampa MSA using 49 indicators on social, economic, fiscal and environmental aspects of the region. Comparisons using the indicators are also made with peer regions in the Western United States. The rapid increase in growth in the Treasure Valley warrants a comprehensive look at the region. The Public Policy Center in the College of Social Science and Public Affairs at Boise State University initiated the production of this report to meet this need.
This report was assembled by faculty and graduate students in an effort to produce a fact based report using region wide data. It was also assembled as a starting point for understanding some of the issues and opportunities we face now and in the future.
The Progress Report 2008 is an effort to update many of the indicators presented in the Preliminary Report, and add new indicators based on feedback we received from the community. In the Progress Report, we include all of the original graphs, tables and indicator information, as well as updated graphs, tables and discussion where we found relevant data.1 More importantly, the Progress Report is designed to present to the readers an opportunity to evaluate the changes the region has made over time, and provide opportunity for dialogue on the effects of these changes
Ultralight Scalars and Spiral Galaxies
We study some possible astrophysical implications of a very weakly coupled
ultralight dilaton-type scalar field. Such a field may develop an
(approximately stable) network of domain walls. The domain wall thickness is
assumed to be comparable with the thickness of the luminous part of the spiral
galaxies. The walls provide trapping for galactic matter. This is used to
motivate the very existence of the spiral galaxies. A zero mode existing on the
domain wall is a massless scalar particle confined to 1+2 dimensions. At
distances much larger than the galaxy/wall thickness, the zero-mode exchange
generates a logarithmic potential, acting as an additional term with respect to
Newton's gravity. The logarithmic term naturally leads to constant rotational
velocities at the periphery. We estimate the scalar field coupling to the
matter energy-momentum tensor needed to fit the observable flat rotational
curves of the spiral galaxies. The value of this coupling turns out to be
reasonable -- we find no contradiction with the existing data.Comment: 19 pages, 2 eps figures; extra references and two important Comments
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Neutrophils promote CXCR3-dependent itch in the development of atopic dermatitis.
Chronic itch remains a highly prevalent disorder with limited treatment options. Most chronic itch diseases are thought to be driven by both the nervous and immune systems, but the fundamental molecular and cellular interactions that trigger the development of itch and the acute-to-chronic itch transition remain unknown. Here, we show that skin-infiltrating neutrophils are key initiators of itch in atopic dermatitis, the most prevalent chronic itch disorder. Neutrophil depletion significantly attenuated itch-evoked scratching in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Neutrophils were also required for several key hallmarks of chronic itch, including skin hyperinnervation, enhanced expression of itch signaling molecules, and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, activity-induced genes, and markers of neuropathic itch. Finally, we demonstrate that neutrophils are required for induction of CXCL10, a ligand of the CXCR3 receptor that promotes itch via activation of sensory neurons, and we find that that CXCR3 antagonism attenuates chronic itch
Non-Markovian Quantum Process Tomography
Characterisation protocols have so far played a central role in the
development of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers capable of
impressive quantum feats. This trajectory is expected to continue in building
the next generation of devices: ones that can surpass classical computers for
particular tasks -- but progress in characterisation must keep up with the
complexities of intricate device noise. A missing piece in the zoo of
characterisation procedures is tomography which can completely describe
non-Markovian dynamics. Here, we formally introduce a generalisation of quantum
process tomography, which we call process tensor tomography. We detail the
experimental requirements, construct the necessary post-processing algorithms
for maximum-likelihood estimation, outline the best-practice aspects for
accurate results, and make the procedure efficient for low-memory processes.
The characterisation is the pathway to diagnostics and informed control of
correlated noise. As an example application of the technique, we improve
multi-time circuit fidelities on IBM Quantum devices for both standalone qubits
and in the presence of crosstalk to a level comparable with the fault-tolerant
noise threshold in a variety of different noise conditions. Our methods could
form the core for carefully developed software that may help hardware
consistently pass the fault-tolerant noise threshold
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