The fifth pulmonary vein

A cadaver in Myungsung Medical College (MMC) had a 3rd pulmonary vein originating from the middle lobe of the right lung. Such anatomical variations are very rare. People with this variation have a total of five pulmonary veins entering left atrium. It has clinical implications especially for thoracic surgeons and radiologists during radiofrequency ablations, lobectomies, valve replacements, pulmonary vein catheterizations, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and others.Keywords: Anatomy, Variations, Pulmonary vein

Effect of Total Solids Concentration of Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an Anaerobic Continuous Digester

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) contains a relatively large amount of organic matter, which decomposes by the actions of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas. The total solids (TS) concentration of the waste influences the pH, temperature and effectiveness of the microorganisms in the decomposition process. This work investigated various concentrations of the TS of MSW in an anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the corresponding amounts of biogas produced, in order to determine conditions for optimum gas production. Five laboratory-scale anaerobic batch digesters of 5 litres volume each were set up for the digestion of 2kg of shredded MSW diluted to a %TS concentration of 26.7%. The results from the batch experimentation were adapted to the design of a CSTR for the digestion of MSW. The CSTR was simulated over a range of %TS concentration of 4-10, at a maximum fractional conversion of 0.8 to cater for system inefficiencies. Mathematical models were developed for the process and solved using the Microsoft Visual Basic version 6.0 Programme. The results show the amount of biogas produced as a power function of the %TS concentration, indicating that as the process continues, a time comes when any marginal increase in the %TS concentration would no longer contribute to the increasing volume of biogas produced. The results further show that, given the limiting upper boundary of the %TS concentration, optimum biogas production in a CSTR digesting MSW cannot be ascertained with the concentration of the %TS alone

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF TELEMEDICINE IN INDONESIA: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE

Background: Indonesia has a great potential in the development of digital health technologies. However, several challenges might also arise in hand with the development of telemedicine. Aims: We aimed to conduct a literature review of the use of telemedicine in Indonesia in order to know how the start is, the development, and future considerations of its usage. Methods: From the digital databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Neliti (Indonesia's Research Repository), each author completed literature searches of telemedicine in Indonesia from 1985 to 2021. Results: A total of 8 studies were included in current literature review. In 1985-1987, Indonesia undertook the first satellite-based telemedicine. During the early twenty-first century, rapid improvements in information technology have expanded to other industries, including health care through telemedicine. Covid-19 dilemma compels physicians to adopt. Through telemedicine, many is experienced the benefit during the pandemic. However, in developing telemedicine system for the future, the use of telemedicine has several challenges, namely related to human resources, infrastructure and ethical regulations. Conclusion: When telehealth is successfully implemented in Indonesia, it will benefit both the developer and the consumer. Despite the benefits, the challenge of implementing and developing a comprehensive eHealth environment in Indonesia might be seen as tremendous, given that the country is currently developing its infrastructure

Modelling Soil Compaction Effects on Maize Growth and Yield in a Sandy Loam Soil

A mathematical model has been developed for the prediction of soil compaction effects on the growth and yield of maize crop in a sandy loam soil in tropical climates. The field work was done at the teaching and research farm of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A plot of land measuring 18 m x 4 m was divided into five sub-plots of equal dimensions and labelled as: plot 1 – un-compacted and untilled; plot 2 – un-compacted but tilled; and plots 3, 4 and 5 - tilled and compacted to varying degrees of tractor passes, viz 2, 4 and 6 tractor passes respectively. A Massey Ferguson (MF) 90 model disc plough was used for the tillage and an MF 260 model tractor used for the soil compaction treatments. Irrigation, weed and pest control were done equally on all plots when necessary. The maize crops were planted in the month of October and grew to maturity fourteen weeks thereafter. Field measurements gave values of soil bulk densities and moisture contents as 1.20, 1.17, 1.23, 1.28 and 1.35 g/cm3 and 5.17, 6.02, 4.89, 4.43 and 3.39% respectively for plots 1-5. The height and yield of the maize crop at the fourteenth week for the plots 1-5 are respectively 0.941, 1.380, 0.872, 1.146 and 1.402 m and 1192, 2859,1195, 1311 and 2320 kg/ha. The model was development based on the response of the maize crop growth and yield to the different levels of compaction treatment, using dimensional analysis. The field results showed that at p<0.05, there is a statistically significant effect between soil compaction and growth and yield of maize in a tropical sandy loam soil and the model predictions correlated experimental data up to about 99.5%

A vindication of the late Archbishop Sancroft, [electronic resource] : and of his brethren the rest of the depriv'd bishops, from the reflections of Mr. Marshal in his Defence of our constitution in church and state: Particularly with regard to their Refusing to publish an Abhorrence of the Prince of Orange's Invasion; their Meeting at Guild-Hall, and their Endeavours for a Regency. In a letter to a friend.

Anonymous. By Hilkiah Bedford.With a final advertisement leaf.Reissued with cancel title as "second edition," "for J. Bettenham," 1718.Printed by William Bowyer; his records show the client as William Innys.Signatures: A-Ep4s.Signatures from Maslen & Lancaster.Maslen & Lancaster. Bowyer ledgers,Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library

A vindication of the late Archbishop Sancroft, [electronic resource] : and of his brethren the rest of the depriv'd bishops, from the reflections of Mr. Marshal in his Defence of our constitution in church and state: Particularly with regard to their Refusing to publish an Abhorrence of the Prince of Orange's Invasion; their Meeting at Guild-Hall, and their Endeavours for a Regency. In a letter to a friend.

Anonymous. By Hilkiah Bedford.With a final advertisement leaf.A reissue of the first edition with a new titlepage.Price from imprint: price 6 d.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library

Seasonal variability of maize yield on a compacted sandy loam soil in a tropical environment

The effect of weather changes on the yield of maize on a compacted sandy loam soil was investigated. The experiment was conducted in the teaching /research farm of the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The research started during the wet (rainy) season in October, through the dry season in February. Five experimental field plots were used in the study. The plots were subjected to different levels of compaction by routine tillage operations and wheel traffic, using a Massey Ferguson (MF) 260 tractor and an MF90 disc plough, before the maize seeds were planted. Field data of crop emergence, growth rate and crop yield were taken at regular intervals within the different seasons. Analysis of the results showed an inverse-proportional relationship between maize yield and compaction during the wet season and a direct-proportional relationship during the dry season up to a certain optimal compaction level, when a shift was noticed. It was, therefore, found that different optimum levels of compaction for increased maize yield exist for the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the compacted soil within the optimum limit had better yield during the dry season. On the whole, although the fields with lower bulk densities performed better at the beginning of the study, they were out-performed by those of higher bulk densities by the end of the experiment. Thus, while the plots of bulk densities of 1.17 and 1.23 g/mm 3 had better yield during the wet season, they were out-performed by the plots of bulk densities of 1.28 and 1.35 g/mm 3 during the dry season

Designs of anaerobic digesters for producing biogas from municipal solid-waste

The production of biogas is of growing interest as fossil-fuel reserves decline. However, there exists a dearth of literature on the design considerations that would lead to process optimization in the development of anaerobic digesters aimed at creating useful commodities from the ever-abundant municipal solid-waste. Consequently, this paper provides a synthesis of the key issues and analyses concerning the design of a high-performance anaerobic digester.Anaerobic digesters Biogas Design parameters Economic considerations Municipal solid-waste Technical considerations

Autopsy findings of pediatric COVID-19: a systematic review

Abstract Background Little is known how COVID-19 is affecting children. Autopsies help gain an understanding of the pathophysiology of new and developing diseases. Numerous post-mortem studies had been conducted in adults with COVID-19, but few in children. Thereby, this systematic review aims to investigate the autopsy findings from pediatric COVID-19 patients. Results There were a total of 15 patients from eight studies. COVID-19 mainly affects the heart and lungs. Pathology findings from the heart of COVID-19 pediatric patients include diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, myocarditis, cardiomyocyte necrosis, pericarditis, and interstitial edema. Histopathology abnormalities observed in the lungs are diffuse alveolar damage, cytopathic changes, thrombi in arterioles and septal capillaries, lung congestion, focal acute hemorrhage and edema, focal exudative changes, and mild pneumocyte hyperplasia. In addition, pathological findings from other organs, such as the liver, kidney, brain, bone marrow, lymph node, skin, spleen, muscle, colon, parotid gland, and adrenal of COVID-19 pediatric patients are also included in this review. Conclusion Cardiomyocyte necrosis, interstitial edema, lung congestion, and diffuse alveolar damage are the most significant pathologic findings of the heart and lung in pediatric COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 in autopsy findings and to determine the exact cause of death since it could be related to COVID-19 or other comorbidities