Lekmannastöd efter hjärtinfarkt

Rehabilitering är en viktig del av behandlingen efter en hjärtinfarkt. När hälso- och sjukvårdens rehabiliteringsinsatser är avslutade kan patienter och anhöriga få fortsatt stöd i lekmannastyrda gruppaktiviteter inom Hjärt- och Lungsjukas Riksförbund. I omvårdnaden av patienter med hjärtinfarkt ingår att informera om en hälsobefrämjande livsstil och om de stödåtgärder som fi nns att tillgå efter utskrivning från sjukhuset

Developing and testing the psychometric properties of a short-form questionnaire regarding the psychosocial condition after a cardiac event

Psychosocial difficulties in patients after a cardiac event is well-known concept yet no systematic or routine assessment with focus on their psychosocial condition with regard to coping, social support and sense of coherence is established. Accordingly the aim of this pilot study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a short-form questionnaire regarding patients’ psychosocial condition after a cardiac event to be used in every day clinical practice. This pilot study, which had a methodological design, used selected sample of 30 participants to answer a questionnaire built on 37 items in order to determine face, content and construct validity and homogeneity reliability. Five factors built on 18 items emerged, all with good values for the psychometric tests chosen, and labelled according to their theoretical belongings: closeness, belongingness, availability, concordance and outlook. This short-form questionnaire measuring the psychosocial condition after a cardiac event useful in every day clinical practice seems appropriate but needs further psychometric development carried out in large scale studies with regard to cultural-socio-demographics and diagnoses

Strategic Communication Intervention to Stimulate Interest in Research and Evidence-Based Practice : A 12-Year Follow-Up Study With Registered Nurses

Background Bridging the research–practice gap is a challenge for health care. Fostering awareness of and interest in research and development (R &amp; D) can serve as a platform to help nurses and others bridge this gap. Strategic communication is an interdisciplinary field that has been used to achieve long-term interest in adopting and applying R &amp; D in primary care. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a strategic communication intervention on long-term interest in R &amp; D among primary care staff members (PCSMs) in general and registered nurses (RNs) in particular. Methods This prospective intervention study included all members of the PCSMs, including RNs, in a Swedish primary care area. The interest of PCSMs in R &amp; D was measured on two occasions, at 7 and 12 years, using both bivariate and multivariate tests. Results A total of 99.5% of RNs gained awareness of R &amp; D after the first 7 years of intervention versus 95% of the remaining PCSMs (p = .004). A comparison of the two measurements ascertained stability and improvement of interest in R &amp; D among RNs, compared with all other PCSMs (odds ratio 1.81; confidence interval 1.08–3.06). Moreover, the RNs who did become interested in R &amp; D also demonstrated increased intention to adopt innovative thinking in their work over time (p = .005). Linking Evidence to Action RNs play an important role in reducing the gap between theory and practice. Strategic communication was a significant tool for inspiring interest in R &amp; D. Application of this platform to generate interest in R &amp; D is a unique intervention and should be recognized for future interventions in primary care. Positive attitudes toward R &amp; D may reinforce the use of evidence-based practice in health care, thereby making a long-term contribution to the patient benefit. © 2015 The AuthorsSpecial Issue on Interventions and Leader Role in EBP; This work was supported by the Department of Research, Development and Education, Region Halland, Sweden.</p

Stress and self-rated health : comparison between 26-year old Swedish women at intervals of twenty years

In society of today there are great demands on young women concerning education, work and social life and also concerning health and beauty expectations. The aim of this study was to compare 26-year old Swedish women studied at intervals of twenty years concerning stress in daily life and self-rated health. The participants in 2002 (n=386) answered the same questionnaire that was used twenty years ago in a prospective population study (n=85). The result showed no difference in self-rated health between the two groups. However, women in 2002 reported more stress and health complaints such as exhaustion, sleep disorders, restlessness and difficulty concentration. They also reported low energy level and bad appetite. This discomfort must be interpreted with caution and not necessarily as ill health. However, it is important to take the experience of stress in daily life and the increase in health complaints into consideration even if women today rate their health as good in order to avoid lasting imbalance and thereby future diseases

Awareness in research supervision : a single subject study

Theoretically, one part of supervision is the direct object i.e. what can be learnt, another part is the indirect object aiming at how the learning process is constituted and influenced by both the doctoral student and his/her supervisor. Emphasising both the what and the how object of learning as well as their interrelationship may be an important factor for the development of the role of supervisor in research. The aim of this study was to describe supervision of doctoral students from the perspective of a research supervisor. Interview data were analysed in accordance with content analysis. The result showed that research supervision had a latent content of awareness of underlying structures and the preconditions for learning that became visible through self-appraisal, orientation towards a goal, in the interaction and the performance of an art. Awareness was a cornerstone in research supervision that enabled both the what and the how aspect of learning

History of falling and visual ability among independently living elderly in Sweden

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the performance-based visual ability among independently living elderly subjects and to investigate whether there was any association between visual ability and falls. Subjects and methods: A total of 298 randomly selected subjects aged 70–85 years were invited for an examination including monocular and binocular visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), stereoscopic vision, and monocular visual fields (VFs), which were integrated to estimate the binocular VFs. Type of lenses used in their habitual correction was noted. Results: Out of the 212 subjects who were examined, 38% reported at least one fall and 48% of these reported at least two falls during the last 2 years. Most subjects had normal results; 90% had normal binocular VA, 85% had normal binocular CS, and ~80% had positive stereopsis. Twenty-nine subjects had VF defects in the lower quadrants of the binocular VF, and 14 of these reported at least one fall. A significant association was seen between one fall or more and VA better eye, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.26, P=0.013, and between recurrent falls and lack of stereoscopic vision, the OR was 3.23, P=0.002; no other functional test showed any significant association with recurrent falls. The ORs were 1.58 for worse binocular VA, 0.60 for worse binocular CS, and 0.71 for non-normal stereoscopic vision for at least one fall, but wide confidence intervals made it difficult to draw firm conclusions about any association. Bifocal or progressive spectacles were worn by 71% with no significant difference between fallers and nonfallers (P=0.078). Conclusion: Even though ~40% of the total sample had experienced one or more falls, the only visual function test significantly associated with falls were VA better eye, lack of stereoscopic vision, and recurrent falls. Our results suggest that there may be more powerful predictors of falling than decreased visual ability. © 2016 Källstrand-Eriksson et al

How to Promote Workplace Health in order to Work into Old Age : Experiences from Employees in an Industrial Setting

Background. Health is important in workplaces. A good organisational climate in a workplace plays a major role in the employees’ well-being at work and is also associated with increased productivity. Today, employees are expected to work into older age and it is a challenge for companies to promote health and well-being for this growing group. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore how to promote workplace health at present time and for the end of working life in the perspective of employees. Design/Methodology/Approach. The study had an explorative design, and a thematic analysis was chosen. The inclusion criteria were persons 50 years and older, working in the company and planning to continue working into old age. A total of 21 coworkers (14 men) participated in the study. Three focus group interviews were conducted. Findings. The results from the focus group interviews are presented in four themes: handle change in a changeable workplace, take responsibility for health concerns, get confirmation for feeling needed, and support and tolerance adapted for each employee. Practical Implications. Promoting health should be an urgent mission for employees themselves as well as for managers in order to support employees in working into old age. The health promotion must be suitable for each employee and should be designed in such a way as to avoid inequality in workplace health. Originality/Value. There is a need for more health-promoting behaviours, support, and activities for employees in order to work into old age

Patients' experiences of lifestyle discussions based on motivational interviewing : a qualitative study

Background: According to World Health Organization about 75% of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes and 40% of all cases of cancer could be prevented if the risk factors tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol could be eliminated. Patients often need help in monitoring themselves to make the proper lifestyle changes and it is important that adequate support is provided to enable the patients to take control over their health. Motivational interviewing is a framework that can help to facilitate this movement. The aim of this study was to describe how patients in primary health care settings experience lifestyle discussions based on motivational interviewing. Methods: This study has a descriptive design and qualitative content analysis was used as the method. Sixteen patients who had each visited a registered nurse for lifestyle discussions were interviewed. Results: The results show that the lifestyle discussions could enable self-determination in the process of lifestyle change but that certain conditions were required. Mutual interaction between the patient and the nurse that contributes to a sense of well-being in the patients was a necessary condition for the lifestyle discussion to be helpful. When the discussion resulted in a new way of thinking about lifestyle and when patient initiative was encouraged, the discussion could contribute to change. The patient’s free will to make a lifestyle change and the nurse’s sensitivity in the discussions created fertile soil for change. Conclusions: This study focuses on MI-based discussions, and the result shows that a subset of patients, who self-reported that they are motivated and aware of their role in making lifestyle changes, appreciate these strategies. However, it is not known whether discussions would be experienced in the same way if RNs used another method or if patients who were less motivated, engaged, or aware of their role in making lifestyle changes were interviewed. © 2014 Brobeck et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Research funding: County of Halland, Sweden</p