Investigation of Ternary Aluminium Alloy Systems : AI-rich Al-Fe-Si System

Since commercial aluminium always contains iron and silicon 111 measurable quantities as its chief impurities, it might be rather called an Al-rich Al-Fe-Si alloy. The constitutions of this alloy system has not yet been thoroughly investigated, however, and the present research has been carried out to ascertain it

Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species in Phytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications

During extensive surveys of global Phytophthora diversity 14 new species detected in natural ecosystems in Chile, Indonesia, USA (Louisiana), Sweden, Ukraine and Vietnam were assigned to Phytophthora major Clade 10 based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and three mitochondrial gene regions. Clade 10 now comprises three subclades. Subclades 10a and 10b contain species with nonpapillate sporangia, a range of breeding systems and a mainly soil- and waterborne lifestyle. These include the previously described P. afrocarpa, P. gallica and P. intercalaris and eight of the new species: P. ludoviciana, P. procera, P. pseudogallica, P. scandinavica, P. subarctica, P. tenuimura, P. tonkinensis and P. ukrainensis. In contrast, all species in Subclade 10c have papillate sporangia and are self-fertile (or homothallic) with an aerial lifestyle including the known P. boehmeriae, P. gondwanensis, P. kernoviae and P. morindae and the new species P. celebensis, P. chilensis, P. javanensis, P. multiglobulosa, P. pseudochilensis and P. pseudokernoviae. All new Phytophthora species differed from each other and from related species by their unique combinations of morphological characters, breeding systems, cardinal temperatures and growth rates. The biogeography and evolutionary history of Clade 10 are discussed. We propose that the three subclades originated via the early divergence of pre-Gondwanan ancestors > 175 Mya into water- and soilborne and aerially dispersed lineages and subsequently underwent multiple allopatric and sympatric radiations during their global spread

Pythium intermedium, a species complex consisting of three phylogenetic species found in cool-temperate forest ecosystems

論文(Article

Molecular identification of oomycetes related to horticultural crops in Southern Sumatera and Java, Indonesia

Indonesia is an agricultural country with more than 30 million farmers nationwide most of it with poor disease management. An identification of a pathogen is the first step to establish efficient management strategies for disease control. In this study, we survey the diversity of oomycetes in horticulture. Samples were collected from 19 sites around Lampung, Sumatera and Java Islands. The oomycetes were isolated from rhizosphere soils sample and from symptomatic plants tissues. One hundred and twelve isolates belonging to two Phytophthora spp., three Pythium spp., and one Phytophythium sp. were identified. Phytophthora nicotianae was a predominant species from pineapple but also found in cabbage, chilli, and chrysanthemum. P. colocasiae were isolated from taro in central java, Phytopythium vexans were isolated from potato in Central Java, while Pythium acanthophoron, Py. myriotylum, Py. splendens, and Py. catenulatum were isolated from soil in pineapple farms. © 2022, University of Lampung Faculty of Agriculture. All rights reserved

Specific detection of Type 1 and Type 2 isolates of <i>Pyrenochaeta lycopersici</i> by loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction

<p><i>Pyrenochaeta lycopersici</i> is the causal agent of corky root, an important soilborne disease of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) and other solanaceous crops. <i>P. lycopersici</i> isolates are classified into Types 1 and 2 on the basis of several physiological and molecular features. In this study, we aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to identify Types 1 and 2 isolates. Using specific LAMP primer sets for Types 1 and 2, both types were easily identified within 35 min. The LAMP method demonstrated equal sensitivity to the polymerase chain reaction in molecular identification of the pathogen in cultured mycelia, infested plant roots, and their surrounding soil. The LAMP technology will contribute to the detection and identification of the pathogen, crop protection, and thorough understanding about the ecology of corky root disease of tomato.</p