Effects of Affect, Multi-Facet Thinking Style, and Need for Cognition on Persuasion by Movie Ad. : Testing by Using Rapid and Slow Movie

In this study, I investigated the effects of affect and multi-facet thinking style (MFTS) on the processing of persuasive messages in ads. First, the MFTS scale was constructed and its validity was tested. When MFTS was high, participants did not rely on and attribute the cause of an event to powerful others. And under the hypothesis that negative mood would facilitate a deliberative thinking style and rejection of a groundless message, an experimental study using TV shopping movie was executed. The results showed that those with higher MFTS scores were especially rejecting of rapid, groundless movie ads, although affective influence on thinking style was not observed. The validity of an effective MFTS scale was confirmed and affective influences were discussed.本研究ではメッセージ処理の自動的／熟慮的処理の2つの処理様式を取り上げ，これを規定するメッセージの受け手の感情状態および個人差変数である多面的思考傾向，認知欲求を取り上げた。研究1では多面的思考尺度を構成し，多面的に考えない者が事象の原因を権威ある他者のせいだと帰属しがちであることが確認された。研究2では，認知欲求が熟慮的思考様式の現れである複雑な刺激の中の矛盾する情報への着目の程度に影響を与え，不一致情報の再生を高めることが確認された。研究3において動画による説得的コミュニケーションである広告を刺激として速い動画，ゆっくりとした動画の2種類と文章広告を比べ，感情状態と個人差変数との関わりを調べた。その結果，多面的思考傾向は信憑性に欠ける速い動画メッセージへの評価を低下させることが示された。感情の効果は十分見られなかったが，今後刺激の感情価を勘案した研究計画の必要性が示された。本研究はJSPS科研費助成，基盤研究（C）13610167「画像による説得的コミュニケーションの処理様式を規定する要因についての研究」（研究代表者：北村英哉）に基づいたものである

Effects of expression style of persuasive messages on attitudes: Studies using TV shopping program and blog

Effects of expression style of persuasive messages were investigated in two studies. Study 1 took up TV shopping and the effect of conscious processing style was manipulated in the experiment. participants were presented TV shopping program either in conscious way or nonconscious way. The merchandise and the message were either image-based advertisement or logical persuasive advertisement. When paticipants heard the message in nonconscious way, they were impressed by image ad more strongly than by logical ad. And the effect of logical ad was more remarkable in conscious mode than in nonconscious mode. Study 2 tested the effect of expression style of one-side communication and two-side communication of persuasive messages. The advocators of blog messages were experts or university students. And they described messages either in polite style or in assertive style. As the results, two-way communication was totally more effective than one-way communication. While the polite message of experts was more effective, the message of university students was more effective when in assertive style than in polite style. The results were consistent with the politeness theory, however an interesting interaction effect was found in the expression style. The interaction of advocator and expression style was discussed

Effects of Authoritarian Attitudes and ‘Kuuki’ Beliefs on Workplace Misconduct.

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Effects of Priming with Facial Expression on Person Perception

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Administration of nintedanib after discontinuation for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case report

BACKGROUND: Nintedanib is a multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In two recent randomized phase 3 trials (INPULSIS™-1 and -2), it has been shown to slow the disease progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by reducing the decline in the forced vital capacity (FVC). Although the INPULSIS™ trials indicate that nintedanib may serve to prevent acute exacerbations or delay the time to the first acute exacerbation, a certain number of IPF patients develop acute exacerbations while receiving nintedanib. However, there has been no report on the readministration of nintedanib in IPF patients who develop acute exacerbations during initial treatment with nintedanib. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man with IPF had nintedanib added to his ongoing pirfenidone therapy. He developed dyspnea after 65 days and presented with hypoxemia after 68 days. At presentation, chest computed tomography showed newly developed diffuse ground glass opacities with the pre-existing subpleural reticular shadows. Because of the absence of infection or other potential causative factors, we diagnosed an acute exacerbation of IPF. Nintedanib was temporarily discontinued and the acute exacerbation was successfully managed with intensive treatment. We re-initiated nintedanib 30 days after cessation, which helped stabilize his FVC for 8 months. Nintedanib was safely continued for 28 months until he died of a bacterial infection. CONCLUSION: To the best of our our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an acute exacerbation of IPF during nintedanib treatment, wherein nintedanib was safely and successfully restarted after treatment of the acute exacerbation. Our case indicates that nintedanib can be safely resumed and a desired effect on FVC can be obtained, even in IPF patients who develop acute exacerbations. However, we recommend close monitoring and appropriate measures until the long-term safety profile is clarified

Safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: data from the randomized controlled INBUILD trial

Background: In the INBUILD trial in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in forced vital capacity compared with placebo, with side-effects that were manageable for most patients. We used data from the INBUILD trial to characterize further the safety and tolerability of nintedanib. Methods: Patients with fibrosing ILDs other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), who had experienced progression of ILD within the 24 months before screening despite management deemed appropriate in clinical practice, were randomized to receive nintedanib 150 mg twice daily or placebo. To manage adverse events, treatment could be interrupted or the dose reduced to 100 mg twice daily. We assessed adverse events and dose adjustments over the whole trial. Results: A total of 332 patients received nintedanib and 331 received placebo. Median exposure to trial drug was 17.4 months in both treatment groups. Adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 22.0% of patients treated with nintedanib and 14.5% of patients who received placebo. The most frequent adverse event was diarrhea, reported in 72.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 25.7% of patients in the placebo group. Diarrhea led to treatment discontinuation in 6.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 0.3% of the placebo group. In the nintedanib and placebo groups, respectively, 48.2% and 15.7% of patients had >= 1 dose reduction and/or treatment interruption. Serious adverse events were reported in 44.3% of patients in the nintedanib group and 49.5% of patients in the placebo group. The adverse event profile of nintedanib was generally consistent across subgroups based on age, sex, race and weight, but nausea, vomiting and dose reductions were more common among female than male patients. Conclusions: The adverse event profile of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs other than IPF is consistent with its established safety and tolerability profile in patients with IPF and characterized mainly by gastrointestinal events, particularly diarrhea. Management of adverse events using symptomatic therapies and dose adjustment is important to minimize the impact of adverse events and help patients remain on therapy

Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases : Subgroup analysis of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 INBUILD trial

Background: The efficacy of nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) was demonstrated in the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled INBUILD trial. This subgroup analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in the Japanese population. Methods: Patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs (evaluated by physicians within 24 months of screening) were randomised (1:1) to twice-daily 150-mg nintedanib or placebo; treatment continued until the last patient completed 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 52 weeks. Time-to-first acute ILD exacerbation or death and time-to-death up until the last patient had completed the week 52 visit were evaluated. This subgroup analysis included 108 Japanese patients. Results: The adjusted annual rates of FVC decline (mL/year) over 52 weeks for Japanese patients were −148.31 (nintedanib) and −240.36 (placebo), adjusted difference: 92.05 (95% CI: −10.69–194.80) and for non-Japanese patients were −67.41 (nintedanib) and −177.65 (placebo), adjusted difference: 110.24 (95% CI: 64.97–155.52). No heterogeneity in treatment effect between Japanese and non-Japanese subgroups was observed (treatment-by-subgroup interaction, p = 0.75). The risks of “acute exacerbation or death” (hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI: 0.10–0.91]) and mortality (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI: 0.14–2.11]) in Japanese patients were numerically lower for nintedanib than placebo. There were no new or unexpected safety findings. Conclusions: In Japanese patients, nintedanib slowed ILD progression, evidenced by a reduction in the annual rate of decline in FVC vs placebo. The efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese patients were consistent with the overall INBUILD population

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target