Difference in the distribution pattern of substrate enzymes in the metabolic network of Escherichia coli, according to chaperonin requirement

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chaperonins are important in living systems because they play a role in the folding of proteins. Earlier comprehensive analyses identified substrate proteins for which folding requires the chaperonin GroEL/GroES (GroE) in <it>Escherichia coli</it>, and they revealed that many chaperonin substrates are metabolic enzymes. This result implies the importance of chaperonins in metabolism. However, the relationship between chaperonins and metabolism is still unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We investigated the distribution of chaperonin substrate enzymes in the metabolic network using network analysis techniques as a first step towards revealing this relationship, and found that as chaperonin requirement increases, substrate enzymes are more laterally distributed in the metabolic. In addition, comparative genome analysis showed that the chaperonin-dependent substrates were less conserved, suggesting that these substrates were acquired later on in evolutionary history.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This result implies the expansion of metabolic networks due to this chaperonin, and it supports the existing hypothesis of acceleration of evolution by chaperonins. The distribution of chaperonin substrate enzymes in the metabolic network is inexplicable because it does not seem to be associated with individual protein features such as protein abundance, which has been observed characteristically in chaperonin substrates in previous works. However, it becomes clear by considering this expansion process due to chaperonin. This finding provides new insights into metabolic evolution and the roles of chaperonins in living systems.</p

Um estudo comparativo sobre os fatores multidimensionais da cooperação entre a universidade e a indústria: políticas, instituições e valores

A cooperação entre a universidade e a indústria é um fenómeno cada vez mais evidente nos domínios da ciência e do ensino superior. As relações entre o conhecimento e o desenvolvimento tecnológico, inovador e socioeconómico das economias globais são as principais causas para a intensificação e a valorização de políticas de cooperação entre a universidade e a indústria. A partir dessa intensificação, procura-se investigar como as áreas científicas e as orientações político-ideológicas influenciam os valores e a concretização dessas políticas. Para isso, são analisadas políticas públicas de Portugal e do Brasil, bem como realizados estudos de casos da Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal) e da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (Brasil). Por meio de uma investigação qualitativa e quantitativa, foram realizadas análises documentais, entrevistas e aplicação de questionário a docentes e investigadores de ambas as universidades. Os principais resultados da investigação estão relacionados com a influência das mudanças de governos nas políticas relacionadas com a cooperação entre a universidade e a indústria; a importância do montante das fontes de financiamento não provenientes do Estado às universidades; e os diferentes graus de influência sobre os valores de cooperação em virtude das diferentes áreas científicas e das orientações político-ideológicas.Cooperation between universities and industry is becoming increasingly evident in the fields of science and higher education. The relationships between knowledge and technological, innovative and socioeconomic development of global economies are the main causes for the intensification and valorization of cooperation policies between the university and industry. From this intensification, we sought to investigate how scientific areas and politicalideological orientations influence the values and the concretization of these policies. For this, the public policies of Portugal and Brazil were analyzed, as well as case studies of the University of Aveiro (Portugal) and the Federal Technological University of Paraná (Brazil). This study comprised qualitative and quantitative investigation, including documentary analysis, interviews and questionnaires which were carried out with teachers and researchers from both universities. The main results of the research demonstrate the influence of changes of governments in the politics relating to cooperation between universities and industry; the importance of the amount of non-State funding to universities; and the different degrees of influence on the values of cooperation by virtue of the different scientific areas and the political-ideological orientations

INOVAÇÃO E EMPREENDEDORISMO À LUZ DE TEORIAS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

A temática que envolve a inovação e o empreendedorismo é recorrente no debate público relacionando-se a políticas econômicas. Desta maneira, o presente artigo procura destacar como essa temática pode servir de elemento explicativo de três teorias de Políticas Públicas, a saber: o advocacy coalition framework; o racionalismo político, e, por fim, o neo-institucionalismo sociológico. Como ilustração do estudo, apresenta-se uma componente empírica, sendo um programa de governo de Portugal, denominado “Programa +e+i”, que foi implementado pelo XIX Governo Constitucional de Portugal. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo visa demonstrar a possibilidade de diversas combinações e reflexões em estudos de casos frente ao estado da arte em políticas públicas.Palavras-chave: Políticas públicas, inovação e empreendedorismo, políticaeconômica

O modelo da hélice tríplice em consonância com os arranjos produtivos locais nas incubadoras tecnológicas: um estudo de caso nas IUTs da UTFPR

In a knowledge-based economy, educational and research institutions and ST&I are important characters in the economic and technological development of a nation process. As instruments of development, technology incubators, that accelerate and shelter beginners or spin out or spin off process companies, have relevant roles. These innovation environments can be leveraged through public and private policies for local development, harmonizing them with the demands and needs of local clusters to strengthen the productive vocations and a network of local agents. It is important the understanding of cooperation and interaction between the university, government and business - Triple Helix Model - seeking guidance for a business and industrial production, and the development of knowledge, technology and innovation from the collaboration of these local agents. Therefore, in the methodology for an exploratory and descriptive research, by a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary inquiries, the research investigates the five Incubators for Technological Innovations of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (IUTs) and the Dean of Corporate and Community Relations that are subordinate, through application of an investigative questionnaire. At the end, propose a frame of reference to technological incubators from the data collected. Finally, as the main results of the research presents the data collected under four themes: knowledge- based economy and the Science, Technology and Innovation System; innovation and entrepreneurship; networking and local development; and the Triple Helix Model and technology incubators. The results reveal the weaknesses of a technology incubator linked to a public entity, the necessary improvements in management, prioritization and interaction of the incubator with the University and local development agents, and the formulation of specific policies for technology incubators.No cenário de uma economia baseada no conhecimento, as entidades de ensino e pesquisa e de CT&I são importantes personagens no processo de desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico de uma nação. Como instrumentos desse desenvolvimento, as incubadoras tecnológicas, que aceleram e abrigam empresas iniciantes ou em processo de spin out ou spin off, possuem papéis relevantes. Estes ambientes de inovação podem ser potencializados por meio de políticas públicas e privadas sólidas para o desenvolvimento local, harmonizando-os com as demandas e necessidades de clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais a fim de fortalecer as vocações produtivas e a rede de agentes locais. Com efeito, faz-se importante o entendimento da cooperação e interação entre a Universidade, o governo e a empresa – Modelo da Hélice Tríplice – visando uma orientação para a produção industrial e empresarial, bem como o desenvolvimento do conhecimento, de tecnologias e da inovação a partir da colaboração desses agentes locais. Diante disso, e por meio de uma metodologia de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a pesquisa procura investigar as cinco Incubadoras de Inovações Tecnológicas da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (IUTs), bem como a Pró-Reitoria de Relações Empresariais e Comunitárias a que estão subordinadas, por meio de aplicação de questionário investigativo. Na sequência, propor uma estrutura de referência a incubadoras tecnológicas a partir dos dados coletados. Por fim, como principais resultados da pesquisa, apresentam-se os dados coletados imiscuídos em quatro eixos temáticos: economia baseada no conhecimento e o SCT&I; inovação e empreendedorismo; formação de redes e desenvolvimento local; e o Modelo da Hélice Tríplice e as incubadoras tecnológicas. Os resultados revelam as fragilidades de uma incubadora tecnológica vinculada a uma entidade pública, as necessárias melhorias na gestão, priorização e interação da incubadora com a Universidade e agentes locais de desenvolvimento, e a formulação de políticas públicas específicas para as incubadoras tecnológicas

Software Defined Media: Virtualization of Audio-Visual Services

Internet-native audio-visual services are witnessing rapid development. Among these services, object-based audio-visual services are gaining importance. In 2014, we established the Software Defined Media (SDM) consortium to target new research areas and markets involving object-based digital media and Internet-by-design audio-visual environments. In this paper, we introduce the SDM architecture that virtualizes networked audio-visual services along with the development of smart buildings and smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart building facilities. Moreover, we design the SDM architecture as a layered architecture to promote the development of innovative applications on the basis of rapid advancements in software-defined networking (SDN). Then, we implement a prototype system based on the architecture, present the system at an exhibition, and provide it as an SDM API to application developers at hackathons. Various types of applications are developed using the API at these events. An evaluation of SDM API access shows that the prototype SDM platform effectively provides 3D audio reproducibility and interactiveness for SDM applications.Comment: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC2017), Paris, France, 21-25 May 201

Clinicopathological significance of antinuclear antibodies in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1894号 , 学位授与年月日 : 平成19年9月28日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大学, 主査教授 : 大井 章史, 副査教授 : 金子 周一 , 太田 哲

Mechanistic dissection of premature translation termination induced by acidic residues-enriched nascent peptide

Ribosomes polymerize nascent peptides through repeated inter-subunit rearrangements between the classic and hybrid states. The peptidyl-tRNA, the intermediate species during translation elongation, stabi-lizes the translating ribosome to ensure robust continuity of elongation. However, the translation of acidic residue-rich sequences destabilizes the ribosome, leading to a stochastic premature translation cessation termed intrinsic ribosome destabilization (IRD), which is still ill-defined. Here, we dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying IRD in Escherichia coli. Reconstitution of the IRD event reveals that (1) the prolonged ribosome stalling enhances IRD-mediated translation discontinuation, (2) IRD depends on temperature, (3) the destabilized 70S ribosome complex is not necessarily split, and (4) the destabilized ribosome is subjected to peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase-mediated hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA without subunit splitting or recycling factors-mediated subunit splitting. Collectively, our data indicate that the translation of acidic-rich sequences alters the conformation of the 70S ribosome to an aberrant state that allows the noncanonical pre-mature termination

Molecularly Engineered “Janus GroEL”: Application to Supramolecular Copolymerization with a Higher Level of Sequence Control

Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of a shape-persistent Janus protein nanoparticle derived from the biomolecular machine chaperonin GroEL (^AGroEL^B) and its application to DNA-mediated ternary supramolecular copolymerization. To synthesize ^AGroEL^B with two different DNA strands A and B at its opposite apical domains, we utilized the unique biological property of GroEL, i.e., Mg²⁺/ATP-mediated ring exchange between ^AGroEL^A and ^BGroEL^B with their hollow cylindrical double-decker architectures. This exchange event was reported more than 24 years ago but has never been utilized for molecular engineering of GroEL. We leveraged DNA nanotechnology to purely isolate Janus ^AGroEL^B and succeeded in its precision ternary supramolecular copolymerization with two DNA comonomers, A** and B*, that are partially complementary to A and B in ^AGroEL^B, respectively, and programmed to self-dimerize on the other side. Transmission electron microscopy allowed us to confirm the formation of the expected dual-periodic copolymer sequence −(^(B*/B)GroEL^(A/A**/A**/A)GroEL^(B/B*))– in the form of a laterally connected lamellar assembly rather than a single-chain copolymer