Combined Transmission Electron Microscopy — In situ Measurements of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nanometer-sized Single-phase Metallic structucre

This chapter reviews the results of silver nanometer-sized contacts (Ag NCs). To realize fabrication, atomistic observation, and mechanical and electrical measurement of Ag NCs, an in situ method where a contact-retract test of atomic force microscopy and a current feedback function of scanning tunnelling microscopy have been combined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). By inserting these functions inside HRTEM, it has been enabled to observe atomistic structures, which can be formed at the final stage of a rapture process, and to measure a change of properties correlated to structural dynamics

Combined Transmission Electron Microscopy – In situ Observation of the Formation Process and Measurement of Physical Properties for Single Atomic-Sized Metallic Wires

This chapter introduces the research of in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) methods combined with the functions of atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling microscope. Using this method, we demonstrate fabrication, dynamic observation on an atomistic scale, and mechanical and electrical measurements of nanometer-sized contact simultaneously. We evaluate the silver atomic-sized wire (ASW) which appeared at the final stage of the rupture process of the silver nano-contact

{μ-Bis(1-methyl­imidazol-2-yl)methane-κ2 N 3:N 3′}bis­{[(1-methyl­imidazol-2-yl)methane-κ2 N 3,N 3′]copper(I)} bis­(tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate)

The title compound, [Cu2(C9H12N4)3](CF3SO3)2, contains two CuI ions, three bis­(1-methyl­imidazol-2-yl)methane (Me2BIM) ligands, and two trifluoromethanesulfonate anions in the asymmetric unit. Each CuI ion has a distorted trigonal-planar geometry and is coordinated by two N atoms from the Me2BIM ligand and another N atom from the Me2BIM that acts as a bridging ligand, another N atom of the bridging Me2BIM being linked to the second CuI ion. The imidazole rings of Me2BIM form intra­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.445 (2) and 3.547 (2) Å]

Tetra­chlorido[(diphenyl­phosphino)diphenyl­phosphine oxide-κO]zirconium(IV) benzene monosolvate

In the title centrosymmetric mononuclear ZrIV compound, [ZrCl4{P(O)(C6H5)2P(C6H5)2}2]·C6H6, the central ZrIV ion is coordinated by two O atoms from two symmetry-related (diphenyl­phosphino)diphenyl­phosphine ligands and four Cl atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry with the four Cl atoms in the equatorial positions. The mol­ecule lies about a center of inversion and the benzene solvent mol­ecule about another center of inversion. The P=O bond [1.528 (2) Å] is slightly longer than a typical P=O double bond (average 1.500 )

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) of System-on-Package (SOP)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues are expected to be crucial for next-generation system-on-package (SOP) integrated high-performance digital LSIs and for radio frequency (RF) and analog circuits. Ordinarily in SOPs, high-performance digital LSIs are sources of EMI, while RF and analog circuits are affected by EMI (victims). This paper describes the following aspects of EMI in SOPs: 1) die/package-level EMI; 2) substrate-level EMI; 3) electromagnetic modeling and simulation; and 4) near electromagnetic field measurement. First, LSI designs are discussed with regard to radiated emission. The signal-return path loop and switching current in the power/ground line are inherent sources of EMI. The EMI of substrate, which work as coupling paths or unwanted antennas, is described. Maintaining the return current path is an important aspect of substrate design for suppressing EMI and for maintaining signal integrity (SI). In addition, isolating and suppressing the resonance of the DC power bus in a substrate is another important design aspect for EMI and for power integrity (PI). Various electromagnetic simulation methodologies are introduced as indispensable design tools for achieving high-performance SOPs without EMI problems. Measurement techniques for near electric and magnetic fields are explained, as they are necessary to confirm the appropriateness of designs and to investigate the causes of EMI problems. This paper is expected to be useful in the design and development of SOPs that take EMI into consideration

脊椎手術中のMonophasic刺激下での経頭蓋刺激筋誘発電位における定電流刺激と定電圧刺激での比較検討

Constant-voltage and constant-current stimulators may be used for transcranial electrical stimulation of motor evoked potentials (TES-MEP). However, no previous report has determined whether the two monophasic stimulation methods lead to similar responses during intra-operative monitoring. We studied differences in the lateralities of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) during intra-operative spinal cord monitoring via TES-MEP using monophasic constant-current and constant-voltage stimulations. CMAPs were bilaterally recorded from the upper and lower limb muscles in 95 patients who underwent elective spine and spinal cord surgery. We used two monophasic stimulation patterns: pattern 1, right anode and left cathode; pattern 2, right cathode and left anode. There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with respect to success rates, wave amplitudes, and efficiencies, with constant-voltage stimulation, however, there were statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with constant-current stimulation. In case of our stimulation condition, there were no statistically significant differences between the right and left sides with respect to CMAPs with constant-voltage stimulation; constant-current stimulation was influenced by the type of monophasic stimulation, which necessitates the switch the polarity of the stimulation to bilaterally record CMAPs.博士（医学）・甲第725号・令和元年12月5日© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

頚椎症性脊髄症症例における頚椎アライメント評価 : 坐位頚椎レントゲンと立位全脊椎レントゲンは等しく有用か?

Study Design: Retrospective review of medical charts and radiographic data. Objectives: We aimed to clarify the differences in cervical alignment findings between sitting cervical lateral radiographs and standing whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the radiographs of 50 consecutive patients who underwent cervical surgery for CSM in our hospital. Cervical sagittal alignment was evaluated based on the C0-2 angles and C2-7 Gore and Cobb angles. Head position was evaluated in terms of the center of gravity of the head to C7 (CGH-C7) angle and the McGregor angle (ie, the angle between the McGregor line and a horizontal line). The T1-slope was also evaluated. Results: The mean values of the CGH-C7 angle and T1-slope were significantly lower, while the mean value of the McGregor angle was significantly higher on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning than on sitting cervical lateral radiographs. The mean values of the C0-2 and C2-7 angles did not differ significantly between the 2 radiographic positioning approaches. Conclusions: Using whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning may result in a significantly lower T1-slope and a posterior tilt of the head. In the absence of a compensatory change in cervical alignment, clavicle positioning may force patients to adopt an upward gazing position of the head. These compensatory mechanisms should be considered while evaluating cervical alignment on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning. Surgical planning should take into account the effect of posture on the radiographic appearance of cervical alignment.博士（医学）・甲第702号・平成31年3月15日© The Author(s) 2018. Creative Commons Non Commercial No Derivs CC BY-NC-ND: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)

¿De vuelta a Los ocho años? A propósito de La guerra de Figueres, de Guillermo Villegas Hoffmaister

El libro de Guillermo Villegas Hoffmeister, “La guerra de Figueres”, tiene sin duda el subtítulo exacto Crónica de ocho años, porque eso es lo que es. Basado en alguna documentación escrita, en sus propios recuerdos personales y en una revisión de los periodos de la década de 1940, la obra se presenta ante todo como un producto de entrevistas realizadas por el autor a distintos personajes de la época. El resultado final es una narrativa descriptiva y parcializada, que combina alguna información interesante con datos sin importancia y algunas notables inexactitudes históricas: por ejemplo, el autor afirma que ¡el partido republicano nacional fue fundado por Maximiliano Fernández en 1909!, y en lo que parece ser producto de un lamentable descuido de él y de la EUNED, fecha la batalla de tejar el 13 de marzo en vez del 13 de abril de 1948…UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Centro de Investigación en Identidad y Cultura Latinoamérica (CIICLA