An Awareness of Japanese Crew in the EMS Helicopter on Organizational Management

Abstract. Kushiro city general hospital and Kojinkai Memorial Hospital started EMS Project on 5 October 2009. It had worked 14 times on 26 November, and save a lot of lives. The EMS helicopter plays an important role of regional differences in medication. The EMS operates three institutions -an Aviation Organization, a Medical Organization and a Fire Organization. However, the cooperation of labor doesn't happen in their division of labors. It does not make divide the work. This is because the EMS does not divide work and responsibilities clearly one solution is to have a common field of responsibility across the 3 organization order to improve cooperation. Since this study analyzes the EMS organization from the knowledge creation point of view. This paper is based on a month-long research study at hospital waiting rooms

Heliocentric Distance Dependence of Zodiacal Light Observed by Hayabusa2#

Zodiacal light (ZL) is sunlight scattered by interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) at optical wavelengths. The spatial distribution of IDPs in the Solar System may hold an important key to understanding the evolution of the Solar System and material transportation within it. The number density of IDPs can be expressed as $n(r) \sim r^{-\alpha}$, and the exponent $\alpha \sim 1.3$ was obtained by previous observations from interplanetary space by Helios 1/2 and Pioneer 10/11 in the 1970s and 1980s. However, no direct measurements of $\alpha$ based on ZL observations from interplanetary space outside Earth's orbit have been performed since then. Here, we introduce initial results for the radial profile of the ZL at optical wavelengths observed over the range 0.76-1.06 au by ONC-T aboard the Hayabusa2# mission in 2021-2022. The ZL brightness we obtained is well reproduced by a model brightness, although there is a small excess of the observed ZL brightness over the model brightness at around 0.9 au. The radial power-law index we obtained is $\alpha = 1.30 \pm 0.08$, which is consistent with previous results based on ZL observations. The dominant source of uncertainty arises from the uncertainty in estimating the diffuse Galactic light (DGL).Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication by Earth, Planets and Spac

Observation of low-latitude aurora by color digital cameras in Hokkaido

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第36回極域宙空圏シンポジウム 11月26日（月）、27日（火） 国立極地研究所 2階ラウン

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss: a comparison of the results of a nationwide epidemiological survey in Japan

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), and acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) using the results of a nationwide survey database in Japan and to analyze the variables associated with their clinical features and the severity of hearing impairment, treatment, and prognosis.Methods: Participants were patients registered between April 2014 and March 2016 in a multicenter epidemiological survey database involving 30 university hospitals and medical centers across Japan. Statistical analysis was performed to clarify the factors associated with their clinical characteristics and the severity of hearing impairment, treatment, and prognosis.Results: Idiopathic SSNHL and ALHL differed significantly in terms of male-to-female ratio, age distribution, and time from onset to start of treatment. The treatment methods and hearing prognosis also differed markedly between the two diseases. A majority (92%) of idiopathic SSNHL patients were administered some type of corticosteroid, while half of the ALHL patients received corticosteroids and a diuretic agent.Conclusion: The results suggested that idiopathic SSNHL and ALHL belonged to different categories of inner ear disease

Effect of enamel shades on color of layered resin composites

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the covering enamel layer of various thicknesses on the color of layered resin composites (LRC). To this end, the CIELAB parameters of the following were evaluated: underlying base (ULB: 2.0 mm of body shade + 3.0 mm of opaque shade), inherent color of the enamel shade (4.0 mm of enamel shade + ULB), and LRC disks (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mm of enamel shade + ULB) of Filtek Supreme (FS, 3M) and Gradia Direct (GD, GC). To assess the effect of the enamel layer on the color of LRC, color difference between ULB and LRC was calculated. With FS, the enamel layer had no major effect on the color of LRC - regardless of thickness. With GD, the enamel layer had a significant effect on the color of LRC, even if the thickness was only 0.5 mm. The difference in enamel layer effect between the two products could be attributed to the difference in color characteristics of the two enamel shades

Development of new software as a convenient analysis method for dental microradiography.

To the end of developing a convenient research tool to calculate the mineralization status of teeth in detail, a new program was developed using Visual Basic for Applications combined with Microsoft Excel 2004. To demonstrate the usefulness of this program, it was used to analyze tooth enamel mineralization after acid exposure. Transverse microradiography images (TMR) of specimens were digitalized with a charge-coupled device camera with a microscope (CCD camera) and a digital film scanner (FS). Subsequently, the mineral content profile of each specimen after de- and remineralization studies were calculated using the Angmar's formula. The newly developed program was applied to calculating the mineral loss (DeltaZ), lesion depth (Ld), surface zone depth (SZd), and lesion body depth (LBd) of tooth specimens. In addition, the outer surface zone (OSZ), inner lesion body (ILB), and sandwich area (SA) between OSZ and ILB- which together constituted DeltaZ - were calculated by the newly developed program. Data obtained with the newly developed program were in good agreement for both CCD camera and FS, indicating that the program was reliable for tooth enamel mineralization research studies

A newly designed automatic pH-cycling system to simulate daily pH fluctuations.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an automatic pH-cycling system, which was intended for performing time-lapse analyses of dental caries. Two single-section specimens prepared from each of the five extracted human incisors were studied under a condition of 3- or 9-cycles/day for seven weeks. Increase of mineral loss (delta delta Z) and increase of Ld (delta Ld) were examined and compared at the end of every week during the study. In the 3-cycles/day condition, delta delta Z and delta Ld significantly increased only at Week 7. In the 9-cycles/day condition, delta deltaZ increased significantly from Week 5. delta Ld increased from Week 2, and then there were no further increases for the subsequent five weeks. Based on the results of this study, progression pattern was found to be significantly different between the two conditions. We therefore concluded that the automatic pH-cycling system which we have developed qualified as a model system that simulated the human oral cavity. As such, it could be beneficially employed to clarify the roles of many factors that cause or prevent caries development in human teeth