On the uniqueness of (p,h)(p,h)-gonal automorphisms of Riemann surfaces

Let $X$ be a compact Riemann surface of genus $g\geq 2$. A cyclic subgroup of prime order $p$ of $Aut(X)$ is called properly $(p,h)$-gonal if it has a fixed point and the quotient surface has genus $h$. We show that if $p>6h+6$, then a properly $(p,h)$-gonal subgroup of $Aut(X)$ is unique. We also discuss some related results.Comment: final version, 9 pages, minor improvements, added 2 reference

Flammability trends for a comprehensive array of cladding materials

The flammability of materials is a key component of modern cladding fires. Vertical flame spread is a complex phenomenon which is, amongst others, a function of thermal inertia, ignition temperature, and heat release. The recently published Cladding Materials Library contains the needed flammability data to help engineers perform fire risk assessments on buildings. Cladding fire research has previously generally focused on expensive and time consuming full-scale testing, or on the chemical composition, with little regard to the flammability or other performance metrics. This research shows common trends in the ignition and burning behaviour for cladding materials in a systematic bench-scale study using the Cladding Materials Library. The organic content is shown to be a poor indicator of the fire performance, as represented by the heat release rate. A simple and highly conservative model indicates the relative behaviour of a diverse range of cladding materials. This analysis supports competent engineers to select which specific buildings require further investigation based on performance, and to aid development of remediation solutions. The differences within categories of materials, e.g. high-pressure laminates, are large and thus the performance should be tailored for the specific building material. This work complements but does not replace full-scale system testing

Avaliação do lodo de esgoto como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (<i>Zoysia japonica</i> Steud.)

O lixo e o lodo de esgoto (LE) são os principais resíduos produzidos nas cidades, são ricos em material orgânico e nutrientes, sugerindo aplicação no solo. No LE encontram-se nutrientes e metais pesados. O LE na agricultura vem sendo mundialmente pesquisado. Dessa forma implantou-se um experimento em Manaus-AM para avaliar o LE como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (Z. japonica Steud.). Usou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo os tratamentos doses de LE: zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t/ha-1, respectivamente, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5. Foram avaliados os pesos da matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e MS da raiz e cobertura do solo. A MS da parte aérea foi maior de forma gradativa, da menor dosagem para a maior dosagem, em todos os tratamentos. A cobertura da superfície do solo, visualmente, foi maior quanto maior foi à dose de LE, o maior percentual da biomassa da raiz em relação à biomassa total foi no T1 – Testemunha, com 41 %.Garbage and sewage sludge (SS) are the main waste produced in cities are rich in organic matter and nutrients, suggesting soil application. In SS are nutrients and heavy metals. The SS in agriculture has been researched worldwide. Thus we implemented an experiment in Manaus-AM to assess the SS as an alternative to organic fertilization on grass emerald (Z. japonica Steud.). It used the completely randomized design, with five treatments and five repetitions, and the SS doses treatments: zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha-1, respectively, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The weight of dry matter (DM) of shoot and root DM and land cover were evaluated. The DM of was higher gradually, the lowest dosage to the highest dosage, in all treatments. The coverage of the soil surface, visually, was greater the greater was the LE dose, the greatest percentage of root biomass to the total biomass was at T1 - Control with 41%.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Avaliação do lodo de esgoto como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (<i>Zoysia japonica</i> Steud.)

O lixo e o lodo de esgoto (LE) são os principais resíduos produzidos nas cidades, são ricos em material orgânico e nutrientes, sugerindo aplicação no solo. No LE encontram-se nutrientes e metais pesados. O LE na agricultura vem sendo mundialmente pesquisado. Dessa forma implantou-se um experimento em Manaus-AM para avaliar o LE como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (Z. japonica Steud.). Usou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo os tratamentos doses de LE: zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t/ha-1, respectivamente, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5. Foram avaliados os pesos da matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e MS da raiz e cobertura do solo. A MS da parte aérea foi maior de forma gradativa, da menor dosagem para a maior dosagem, em todos os tratamentos. A cobertura da superfície do solo, visualmente, foi maior quanto maior foi à dose de LE, o maior percentual da biomassa da raiz em relação à biomassa total foi no T1 – Testemunha, com 41 %.Garbage and sewage sludge (SS) are the main waste produced in cities are rich in organic matter and nutrients, suggesting soil application. In SS are nutrients and heavy metals. The SS in agriculture has been researched worldwide. Thus we implemented an experiment in Manaus-AM to assess the SS as an alternative to organic fertilization on grass emerald (Z. japonica Steud.). It used the completely randomized design, with five treatments and five repetitions, and the SS doses treatments: zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha-1, respectively, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The weight of dry matter (DM) of shoot and root DM and land cover were evaluated. The DM of was higher gradually, the lowest dosage to the highest dosage, in all treatments. The coverage of the soil surface, visually, was greater the greater was the LE dose, the greatest percentage of root biomass to the total biomass was at T1 - Control with 41%.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Avaliação do lodo de esgoto como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (<i>Zoysia japonica</i> Steud.)

O lixo e o lodo de esgoto (LE) são os principais resíduos produzidos nas cidades, são ricos em material orgânico e nutrientes, sugerindo aplicação no solo. No LE encontram-se nutrientes e metais pesados. O LE na agricultura vem sendo mundialmente pesquisado. Dessa forma implantou-se um experimento em Manaus-AM para avaliar o LE como alternativa para adubação orgânica em grama-esmeralda (Z. japonica Steud.). Usou-se o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo os tratamentos doses de LE: zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t/ha-1, respectivamente, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5. Foram avaliados os pesos da matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e MS da raiz e cobertura do solo. A MS da parte aérea foi maior de forma gradativa, da menor dosagem para a maior dosagem, em todos os tratamentos. A cobertura da superfície do solo, visualmente, foi maior quanto maior foi à dose de LE, o maior percentual da biomassa da raiz em relação à biomassa total foi no T1 – Testemunha, com 41 %.Garbage and sewage sludge (SS) are the main waste produced in cities are rich in organic matter and nutrients, suggesting soil application. In SS are nutrients and heavy metals. The SS in agriculture has been researched worldwide. Thus we implemented an experiment in Manaus-AM to assess the SS as an alternative to organic fertilization on grass emerald (Z. japonica Steud.). It used the completely randomized design, with five treatments and five repetitions, and the SS doses treatments: zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t/ha-1, respectively, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The weight of dry matter (DM) of shoot and root DM and land cover were evaluated. The DM of was higher gradually, the lowest dosage to the highest dosage, in all treatments. The coverage of the soil surface, visually, was greater the greater was the LE dose, the greatest percentage of root biomass to the total biomass was at T1 - Control with 41%.Eje A4: Ambiente, Naturaleza y AgroecologíaFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Towards a better understanding of fire performance assessment of façade systems: current situation and a proposed new assessment framework

This manuscript presents tools and data that serve to enable an evaluation of the risk associated with vertical fire spread on buildings. A highly detailed context to cladding fires is described to unveil the complexity and magnitude of the problem and to identify gaps of information. An engineering framework is then developed which delivers required information that fills some of those gaps and that needs to be used towards achieving quantified fire performance. The data itself has been published as a publicly available database, entitled the Cladding Materials Library (www.claddingmaterialslibrary.com.au). This data can be used to support building fire risk assessments or as the basis for more in-depth research into façade fires. This paper presents the context of the data together with the competency framework necessary for upskilling building professionals to have the capacity to implement the engineering framework

Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Context. Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 μas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution