ASSESSMENT OF THE VALUE OF POSITIVE PRESSURE BREATHING APPARATUS IN INDUCING COUGH1 1Received August, 1978.

In the last decade, numerous papers have discussed what has been called the indiscriminate use of intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy (IPPB) for the treatment of obstructive airways disease (Curtis et al., 1968; Loke and Anthonisen, 1974; Cheney et al., 1976; Baker, 1974; Murray, 1974; Barach and Segal, 1975; Sheldon and Gold, 1976; Dolovich et al., 1977). These papers have all failed to show any advantage of positive pressure breathing therapy, either in the acute or chronic stages of obstructive airways disease. IPPB apparatus is expensive, requires careful maintenance and cleaning and may lead to patient dependence. However, physiotherapists in this hospital gained the impression that patients who were receiving nebulisation with positive pressure appeared to cough more frequently, and to produce greater volumes of sputum, suggesting that IPPB apparatus may be a useful adjunct of physiotherapy. Therefore a study was designed to compare the effectiveness of nebulisation therapy, with and without positive pressure, on the production of cough and sputum volume in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease

Specular and off-specular polarized neutron reflectometry of canted magnetic domains in loose spin coupled CuMn/Co multilayers

Specular and off-specular polarized neutron reflectometry of strong biquadratic coupling in a Cu_0.94Mn_0.06/Co multilayer is presented. Detailed analysis of the reflectivity via the distorted-wave Born approximation reveals a formation of on average 〈±30^∘〉 canted lateral magnetic domains. Domains with mean width of 0.43 μm extend throughout the multilayer structure and magnetization alternates in the sign of the canting with subsequent layers. Temperature and field dependence of the magnetic structure are evaluated and included in the magnetic model, which is used to deduce bilinear and biquadratic interlayer exchange coupling energies

Facile synthesis of Cu and Cu@Cu-Ni nanocubes and nanowires in hydrophobic solution in the presence of nickel and chloride ions

In this work, we report an example of the facile synthesis of methyl methacrylate/tert-butyl acrylate (MMA/tBA) gradient copolymers (poly(MMA-grad-tBA) using the Cu(0) and conventional ATRP ligands as catalysts in DMF solvent at 25 degrees C. Semi-batch copper(0)-mediated living radical copolymerization technique (Cu(0)-mediated LRP) was used for achieving the chain gradient microstructure of the resulting copolymers. We also compared copolymerizations with two different ATRP ligands at ambient temperature allowing control over the molecular weight and polydispersity with a quarter of catalyst concentration versus a conventional ATRP in dipolar protic solvent (i.e. DMF), while the reaction temperature up to 80 degrees C in a non-polar medium (i.e. toluene) in order to reach the above polymerization efficiency. The addition of a small amount of reducing agent (i.e. hydrazine hydrate) into the reaction system allows the reaction proceeding in the oxygen tolerant system without losing control and decreasing total conversion such as using the reagents without deoxygenating