One-pot synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbones via clickable ionic liquid monomers

Clickable α-azide-ω-alkyne ionic liquid monomers were developed and subsequently applied to the one-pot synthesis of ionically conducting poly(ionic liquid)s with 1,2,3-triazolium-based backbones through a click chemistry strategy. This approach does not require the use of solvents, polymerisation mediators, or catalysts. The obtained poly(ionic liquid)s were characterized by NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and impedance spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, these poly(ionic liquid)s were cross-linked via N-alkylation with a dianion quarternizing agent to achieve enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. The resulting free-standing films showed a Young's modulus up to 4.8 MPa and ionic conductivities up to 4.60 × 10−8 S cm−1 at 30 °C. This facile synthetic strategy has the potential to expand the availability of poly(ionic liquid)s and promote the development of functional materials

Rechargeable Metal–Air Proton‐Exchange Membrane Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage

Rechargeable proton‐exchange membrane batteries that employ organic chemical hydrides as hydrogen‐storage media have the potential to serve as next‐generation power sources; however, significant challenges remain regarding the improvement of the reversible hydrogen‐storage capacity. Here, we address this challenge through the use of metal‐ion redox couples as energy carriers for battery operation. Carbon, with a suitable degree of crystallinity and surface oxygenation, was used as an effective anode material for the metal redox reactions. A Sn0.9In0.1P2O7‐based electrolyte membrane allowed no crossover of vanadium ions through the membrane. The V4+/V3+, V3+/V2+, and Sn4+/Sn2+ redox reactions took place at a more positive potential than that for hydrogen reduction, so that undesired hydrogen production could be avoided. The resulting electrical capacity reached 306 and 258 mAh g−1 for VOSO4 and SnSO4, respectively, and remained at 76 and 91 % of their respective initial values after 50 cycles.Positive exchange: A proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell is integrated with active anode materials including vanadium and tin ions, for which redox reactions occur at more positive potentials than for hydrogen reduction. These redox couples are demonstrated to function as promising energy‐storage media with excellent reversibility and good cyclability.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137429/1/celc201500473-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137429/2/celc201500473.pd

Comparative transcriptomic characterization of aluminum, sodium chloride, cadmium and copper rhizotoxicities in Arabidopsis thaliana

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rhizotoxic ions in problem soils inhibit nutrient and water acquisition by roots, which in turn leads to reduced crop yields. Previous studies on the effects of rhizotoxic ions on root growth and physiological functions suggested that some mechanisms were common to all rhizotoxins, while others were more specific. To understand this complex system, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis with various rhizotoxic ions, followed by bioinformatics analysis, in the model plant <it>Arabidopsis thaliana</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Roots of <it>Arabidopsis </it>were treated with the major rhizotoxic stressors, aluminum (Al) ions, cadmium (Cd) ions, copper (Cu) ions and sodium (NaCl) chloride, and the gene expression responses were analyzed by DNA array technology. The top 2.5% of genes whose expression was most increased by each stressor were compared with identify common and specific gene expression responses induced by these stressors. A number of genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases, peroxidases, Ca-binding proteins and a trehalose-synthesizing enzyme were induced by all stressors. In contrast, gene ontological categorization identified sets of genes uniquely induced by each stressor, with distinct patterns of biological processes and molecular function. These contained known resistance genes for each stressor, such as <it>AtALMT1 </it>(encoding Al-activated malate transporter) in the Al-specific group and <it>DREB </it>(encoding dehydration responsive element binding protein) in the NaCl-specific group. These gene groups are likely to reflect the common and differential cellular responses and the induction of defense systems in response to each ion. We also identified co-expressed gene groups specific to rhizotoxic ions, which might aid further detailed investigation of the response mechanisms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In order to understand the complex responses of roots to rhizotoxic ions, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis followed by bioinformatics characterization. Our analyses revealed that both general and specific genes were induced in <it>Arabidopsis </it>roots exposed to various rhizotoxic ions. Several defense systems, such as the production of reactive oxygen species and disturbance of Ca homeostasis, were triggered by all stressors, while specific defense genes were also induced by individual stressors. Similar studies in different plant species could help to clarify the resistance mechanisms at the molecular level to provide information that can be utilized for marker-assisted selection.</p

Comparative transcriptomic characterization of aluminum, sodium chloride, cadmium and copper rhizotoxicities in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Background Rhizotoxic ions in problem soils inhibit nutrient and water acquisition by roots, which in turn leads to reduced crop yields. Previous studies on the effects of rhizotoxic ions on root growth and physiological functions suggested that some mechanisms were common to all rhizotoxins, while others were more specific. To understand this complex system, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis with various rhizotoxic ions, followed by bioinformatics analysis, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Results Roots of Arabidopsis were treated with the major rhizotoxic stressors, aluminum (Al) ions, cadmium (Cd) ions, copper (Cu) ions and sodium (NaCl) chloride, and the gene expression responses were analyzed by DNA array technology. The top 2.5% of genes whose expression was most increased by each stressor were compared with identify common and specific gene expression responses induced by these stressors. A number of genes encoding glutathione-S-transferases, peroxidases, Ca-binding proteins and a trehalose-synthesizing enzyme were induced by all stressors. In contrast, gene ontological categorization identified sets of genes uniquely induced by each stressor, with distinct patterns of biological processes and molecular function. These contained known resistance genes for each stressor, such as AtALMT1 (encoding Al-activated malate transporter) in the Al-specific group and DREB (encoding dehydration responsive element binding protein) in the NaCl-specific group. These gene groups are likely to reflect the common and differential cellular responses and the induction of defense systems in response to each ion. We also identified co-expressed gene groups specific to rhizotoxic ions, which might aid further detailed investigation of the response mechanisms. Conclusion In order to understand the complex responses of roots to rhizotoxic ions, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis followed by bioinformatics characterization. Our analyses revealed that both general and specific genes were induced in Arabidopsis roots exposed to various rhizotoxic ions. Several defense systems, such as the production of reactive oxygen species and disturbance of Ca homeostasis, were triggered by all stressors, while specific defense genes were also induced by individual stressors. Similar studies in different plant species could help to clarify the resistance mechanisms at the molecular level to provide information that can be utilized for marker-assisted selection.</p

Preparation and Characterization of a Polyclonal Antibody against Brominated Protein

(Di)bromotyrosine is formed by the specific reaction of eosinophil peroxidase and can be used as an eosinophil activation marker. In the present study, an antibody for (di)bromotyrosine in proteins was prepared to investigate the pathogenesis of eosinophil-related diseases such as allergic responses. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against brominated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The specificity of the antiserum was investigated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antiserum recognized brominated bovine serum albumin (BSA) and dibromotyrosine-conjugated BSA. The antiserum also reacted with chlorinated BSA and di-iodotyrosine-conjugated BSA. Moreover, the specificity of the antiserum was investigated using competitive ELISA. Dibromotyrosine and di-iodotyrosine inhibited the recognition of brominated BSA by the antiserum. However, the recognition of brominated BSA by the antiserum was not inhibited by bromotyrosine, chlorotyrosine, iodotyrosine, nitrotyrosine, aminotyrosine, phosphotyrosine, or tyrosine. These results suggested that the epitope of the antiserum is dihalogenated tyrosine. Immunohistochemically, the antiserum stained brominated rat eosinophils but not chlorinated or nitrated eosinophils. In conclusion, an antiserum for dihalogenated protein was prepared. It is expected that the antiserum will be useful for the analysis of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis

Effect of O-arm for spinal injury

Purpose : To compare the effectiveness of O-arm navigation with that of conventional fluoroscopic guidance in corrective posterior fixation for cervical spinal injury. Methods : This retrospective comparative study involved 11 consecutive patients who underwent corrective posterior fixation using O-arm navigation or conventional fluoroscopy for cervical spinal injury between February 2016 and May 2021. Patient-specific characteristics (age and sex), number of screws, number of pedicle screws, accuracy of pedicle screw insertion, number of vertebral bodies fixed, operating time, and length of hospital stay were analyzed using the t-test. A P-value 0.05). Conclusion : O-arm navigation can improve the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw insertion. Its introduction could expand the indications for use of pedicle screws in posterior fixation of cervical spinal injury beyond those that are possible using conventional fluoroscopy

Double Smiley Face Rod Method

We report a case of double-level lumbar spondylolysis at L4 and L5 that was successfully treated with the double “smiley face” rod method. A healthy 29-year-old man who presented with a 6-year history of chronic low back pain was referred to us for surgical treatment. Plain radiographs and computed tomography of the lumbar spine revealed bilateral pars defects at L4 and L5 without slip or scoliosis. The patient underwent direct repair of the pars defects using the double smiley face rod method at L4 and L5. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and the patient had improved clinically by 1 year after surgery. The low back pain was completely disappeared and visual analog scale was 0. He restarted tennis again as the recreational level. While several techniques for direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis have been described, this is the first report of the double smiley face rod method being used to repair the consecutive double-level lumbar spondylolysis

Ikääntyneiden ravitsemuksen oppimateriaalin tuottaminen Eksoten henkilöstölle Moodleen

Tämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön aiheena oli ikääntyvien ravitsemus. Työn tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa ikääntyvien ravitsemuksen oppimateriaali Moodle verkko-oppimisalustalle Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin henkilöstön käyttöön. Lisäksi suunniteltiin ja valmistettiin intro-video, joka johdatteli ja herätti kiinnostuksen aiheeseen. Lisäksi tuotettiin tietovisa-tyyppinen kolmen vaihtoehdon kysymyssarja diojen aiheista. Kurssin sisältö koostui PowerPoint-esityksistä, joiden aiheet olivat: ravitsemus ja ikääntyminen, kuidut, D- vitamiinisuositukset, vitamiinit, muistisairaan ravitsemus,ikääntyneen ravitsemusongelmat, juominen ja nestetasapaino sekä Milloin syödään? – käytännönläheisiä vinkkejä muistisairaan kotihoitoon. Jatkossa voisi tutkia, kuinka sähköisen oppimisalustan saisi juurrutettua paremmin henkilöstön käyttöön sekä selvittää kurssin käytön esteet, jotta ne voitaisiin poistaaThe topic of this functional study was elderly nutrition. The objective of the thesis was to design and implement study material about nutrition for the elderly via Moodle eLearning environment for the use of the South Karelia Social and Health Care District staff. In addition an introductory video was designed and produced to spark interest in the topic. Also, a quiz consisting of three option questions based on topics presented in slides was produced. The course content consisted of powerPoint presentations with the following topics: nutrition and aging, fiber, vitamin D recommendations, vitamins,nutrition recommented for a person suffering from a memory disorder, problems with nutrition among the elderly, drinking and fluid balance, as well as When do we eat? - Practical tips for the home care of people suffering from a memory disorder. For further, study it could be recommented to examine how the e-learning platform could be anchored in better use for the staff, as well as to identify the obstacles to the use of the course, so that they could be removed

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (KIR) in GtoPdb v.2021.3

The 2TM domain family of K channels are also known as the inward-rectifier K channel family. This family includes the strong inward-rectifier K channels (Kir2.x) that are constitutively active, the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier K channels (Kir3.x) and the ATP-sensitive K channels (Kir6.x, which combine with sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1-3)). The pore-forming &#945; subunits form tetramers, and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kir3.2 with Kir3.3)

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

The 2TM domain family of K channels are also known as the inward-rectifier K channel family. This family includes the strong inward-rectifier K channels (Kir2.x) that are constitutively active, the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier K channels (Kir3.x) and the ATP-sensitive K channels (Kir6.x, which combine with sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1-3)). The pore-forming &#945; subunits form tetramers, and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kir3.2 with Kir3.3)