Ticks of the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Acarina: Ixodidae: Argasidae).

Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst alle bisher in der Literatur erwähnten Funde von Zecken-Arten der Tristan da Cunha Inseln zusammen. Ixodes (Multidentatus) zumpti Arthur, 1960 und dessen Wirt können aufgrund aktueller Untersuchungen erstmals für den Archipel gemeldet werden. Eine aktuelle Liste von 10 Zecken-Arten aus drei Gattungen und zwei Familien und deren Wirte, nämlich fünf Vogel-Arten und vermutlich ein Huftier, ist beigefügt. Weiterhin sind eine summarische Liste der Funde vom Archipel, detaillierte Listen von den Hauptinseln sowie der Verbleib des Materials aufgeführt.StichwörterTicks; Acarina; Ixodidae; Argasidae; ectoparasites; Tristan da Cunha; Nightingale; Inaccessible; Gough; Islands; South Atlantic Ocean; seabirds.All the tick species reported in the literature from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago have been listed and discussed, including a new locality and likely host record for Ixodes (Multidentatus) zumpti Arthur, 1960, based on material recently collected. A total of 10 tick species, belonging to three genera from two families, have been listed together with their hosts: five bird species and a probable hoofed mammal. A summary of the tick collections made at the archipelago together with their repositories is provided, as well as a detailed list of the ticks recorded from the four main islands.KeywordsTicks; Acarina; Ixodidae; Argasidae; ectoparasites; Tristan da Cunha; Nightingale; Inaccessible; Gough; Islands; South Atlantic Ocean; seabirds

Dr Jotello Festiri Soga : his career

Historical summary of Dr Jotello Festiri Soga's career from 22 April 1886 when he registered as veterinary surgeon in Tutuka, Cape Colony to 1902 when he was employed by Carl H. Malcomess to supervise his cattle on the farm Itala in the Stutterheim district.Previously published on the Jotello F. Soga Library websiteab202

The prehatch period and larval survival of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) (Acarina: Ixodidae) under natural conditions in the Transvaal, South Africa

Studies were made on the duration of the prehatch period of Boophilus decoloratus and on the subsequent survival and viability of larvae under natural conditions. The length of the prehatch and larval survival periods was found to be inversely dependent on increased temperature. A high initial temperature at the time of female drop decreased the prehatch period further, resulting in synchronous hatching of eggs laid at different times. Oviposition occurred but no eggs hatched during mid-winter months with mean temperatures below 10°C. Eggs laid after mid-winter hatched because of the higher temperatures during subsequent months. Diapause occurs at the egg stage in areas with mean winter temperatures below 10°C. Larvae survived for 10 - 35 weeks during periods of high and low seasonal temperatures respectively. Larval viability decreased concomitantly with larval survival. The results suggest that pasture spelling alone would be impractical as a control measure for this tick species.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

A survey of Karoo tick paralysis in South Africa

Recent research interest in Karoo tick paralysis and its vector, Ixodes rubicundus, prompted this survey to determine the economic implications of this disease. The survey indicated relatively high losses caused by the condition, identified the stock involved and provided data on the incidence of paralysis and on the control methods employed. Recommendations are made to institute chemical control earlier in the season to attempt better containment of the problem.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Adult ixodid ticks on two cattle breeds in the south-western Free State, and their seasonal dynamics

A study was conducted to compare the species of adult ixodid ticks on Friesian and Bonsmara cattle and their seasonal dynamics. Between five and ten animals of each breed were kept on natural False Upper Karoo vegetation, typical of the south-western Free State. Between May 1990 and October 1991, the animals were examined once or twice a month for the presence of adult ticks which were removed, counted and identified. Six species of ixodid ticks were recorded. The species composition on the two cattle breeds was remarkably similar. Ixodes rubicundus was dominant (55-57,7% of all ticks collected), followed by Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (28,9-31 ,5%) and Rhipicephalus punctatus (6,2-6,7%). Only small numbers of Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus gertrudae were recorded. Almost twice as many ticks were collected from Friesian as from Bonsmara cattle. Ixodes rubicundus showed a typical winter-activity period. The other species were either active mostly during the warmer months, or their numbers were too low to determine any seasonal pattern. Apart from information on the diversity of ticks which infest cattle in the region, the study has also shown a greater resistance by Bonsmara cattle (a mixed Bos taurus/Bos indicus breed) to tick infestation. Bos indicus cattle can play an increasingly important role in integrated tick-management practices in southern Africa.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Paralysis of laboratory rabbits by nymphae of Ixodes rubicundus, Neumann 1904 (Acarina: Ixodidae) and some effects on the life-cycle following feeding under different temperature conditions

Feeding under constant cold conditions resulted in a marginal shortening of feeding period and a major shortening of the subsequent developmental phase of all stages of Ixodes rubicundus Neumann 1904, the Karoo paralysis tick. Paralysis occurred in laboratory rabbits when nymphae were fed on them under constant warm, constant cold and fluctuating ambient winter conditions. This paralysis was found to be dependant on infestation rate and feeding conditions. Under constant cold conditions paralysis resulted from lower levels of infestation than under warm or under fluctuating winter conditions. Neurological parameters used in assessing the progression of the paresis are discussed.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

The use of frequency diagrams in the survey of resistance to pesticides in ticks in southern Africa

A method whereby resistance data can be analysed by means of frequency distributions is described. This method established that Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and R. evertsi evertsi show either little or only developing resistance to the pesticides chlorfenvinphos and dioxathion. Boophilus spp., however, show more instances and higher levels of resistance to these 2 pesticides.This article has been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-Format

Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. nov., a new tick species from southern Africa, and redescription of Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, with which it has hitherto been confused (Acari: lxodida: Ixodidae)

Rhipicephalus exophthalmos sp. nov., a species which has in the past been confused with Rhipicephalus oculatus Neumann, 1901, is described and illustrated from laboratory-reared specimens. Preferred hosts for the adults of this tick are various domestic and wild ungulates and hares. It is widely distributed in Namibia and in the south-eastern Cape Province, South Africa, with only scattered records from elsewhere. The adults of R. oculatus are redescribed and illustrated, and the immature stages are described and illustrated for the first time. All the stages feed virtually exclusively on leporids. It is common in parts of the eastern and southern Cape Province, with few records as yet from other parts of South Africa and Namibia.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute.mn201

First records of Hyalomma rufipes and Ixodes neitzi (Acari: Ixodidae) found on large carnivores in South Africa

Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are important disease vectors for large carnivores, but the composition of the tick communities that parasitize carnivores is poorly understood. We collected ticks from leopards (Panthera pardus) and brown hyenas (Hyaena brunnea) in the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa, to determine which species feed on these carnivores. We identified a total of eight tick species belonging to six genera, and recorded Ixodes neitzi and Hyalomma rufipes on P. pardus for the first time

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. L. Ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys

The aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in South Africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. Ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in Limpopo Province, 2 in Gauteng Province and 1 in North West province. All the ticks were identified by means of a stereoscopic microscope. Horses were infested with 17 tick species, 72.1% with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 19.4% with Amblyomma hebraeum and 15.6% with Rhipicephalus decoloratus. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was recovered from horses in all nine provinces of South Africa and R. decoloratus in eight provinces. Donkeys were infested with eight tick species, and 81.6% were infested with R. evertsi evertsi, 23.7% with A. hebraeum and 10.5% with R. decoloratus. Several tick species collected from the horses and donkeys are the vectors of economically important diseases of livestock. Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi is the vector of Theileria equi, the causative organism of equine piroplasmosis. It also transmits Anaplasma marginale, the causative organism of anaplasmosis in cattle. Amblyomma hebraeum is the vector of Ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative organism of heartwater in cattle, sheep and goats, whereas R. decoloratus transmits Babesia bigemina, the causative organism of babesiosis in cattle.The Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant No 101054).http://www.ojvr.orgam2017Veterinary Tropical Disease