Haemoperitoneum and Associated Torsion of the Testicle in the Newborn

A case of haemoperitoneum and concomitant torsion of the testes is reported - the first case in the English literature to our knowledge. The management of the case and the aetiological factors responsible for haemoperitoneum and torsion of the testes in the newborn are discussed. The role of vitamin K in the prevention of a possible subcapsular haematoma is discussed

Bile peritonitis and miliary tuberculosis : A case report

ArticleThe original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaABSTRACT: We report an unusual case of bile peritonitis in a child. The literature on bile peritonitis is reviewed, and its treatment is discussed. According to the literature, bile peritonitis has a good prognosis provided operation is early. Patients in whom bile is septic at the time of surgery have an increased morbidity and a considerable mortality.Publishers' versio

Mitral valve prosthesis and pregnancy without anticoagulation therapy

No Abstract

Leachability of nitrided ilmenite in hydrochloric acid

Titanium nitride in upgraded nitrided ilmenite (bulk of iron removed) can selectively be chlorinated to produce titanium tetrachloride. Except for iron, most other components present during this low temperature (ca. 200°C) chlorination reaction will not react with chlorine. It is therefore necessary to remove as much iron as possible from the nitrided ilmenite. Hydrochloric acid leaching is a possible process route to remove metallic iron from nitrided ilmenite without excessive dissolution of species like titanium nitride and calcium oxide. Calcium oxide dissolution results in unrecoverable acid consumption. The leachability of nitrided ilmenite in hydrochloric acid was evaluated by determining the dissolution of species like aluminium, calcium, titanium and magnesium in a batch leach reactor for 60 minutes at 90°C under reflux conditions. The hydrochloric acid concentration (11%, 18% and 25%), initial acid-to-iron mole ratio (2:1, 2.5:1 and 3.3:1), and solid-to-liquid mass ratio (1:8.33 to 1:2.13) were varied. The results indicate that a hydrochloric acid concentration of 25 wt% supplied in a 2:1 acid-to-iron mole ratio would produce the most favourable upgraded nitrided ilmenite product. The dissolution of iron in this solution reached 97 per cent after only 60 minutes. The total dissolution of calcium and titanium species was 0.01 and 0.11 wt% respectively. Hydrochloric acid can therefore be used as lixiviant to remove metallic iron from nitrided ilmenite.http://www.saimm.co.za/ai201

Meconium granulomas of the tunica vaginalis

Meconium peritonitis results from perforation of the gastrointestinal tract during fetal life. Involvement of the tunica vaginalis may be the sole presenting clinical manifestation of the disease in the unusual event of the gut perforation resolving spontaneously. In such instances radiologically detectable calcification in the abdomen and scrotum is an essential diagnostic point. A case is described in which a baby had hydroceles and bilateral intrascrotal nodules but in which calcification was radiologically undetectable, presumably owing to its having undergone resolution. The typical histology of the nodules provided the diagnosis in this otherwise clinically undiagnostic case.Articl

Giant lower oesophageal ulcer in a Bushman baby

The case of a giant, penetrating lower oesophageal ulcer in a 14-month-old Bushman baby is reported. This would probably be classified as a Barrett's ulcer. Histological examination showed that the ulcer developed in columnar epithelium and that there was normal stratified squamous oesophageal mucosa both proximally and distally to the ulcer, indicating that it had developed in an islet of ectopic gastric mucosa. The ulcer originally described by Barrett developed in a short oesophagus, into which gastric mucosa extended in a continuous sheet. Lower oesophageal ulcers should probably be divided into a primary type, of which the present case is an example, and a secondary type. in which there is direct extension of gastric mucosa into the oesophagus due to metaplasia of oesophageal mucosa secondary to reflux oesophagitis

Hand injuries caused by oil injection under pressure

No Abstract

Morphologic changes observed in experimental cryptorchidism

[No abstract available

Perspectives in the clinical application of pancreatic transplantation in the diabetic

The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaUntil June 1983 a total of 280 human pancreatic transplantations had been performed world-wide. Until July 1983, 57 were functioning (22%), 11% for more than 12 months. During the past 5 years a steady increase in the number of segmental transplants has been observed. In most cases simultaneous transplantation of pancreas and kidney was performed (144 cases), in 65 cases the pancreas was transplanted metachronously after kidney grafting, and in 64 cases pancreatic transplantation was performed alone. Currently, segmental or whole pancreatic transplantation is the favoured procedure. Islet transplantation has been disappointing because of the difficulty in procuring sufficient numbers of islets from an adult pancreas followed by immunological destruction of the transplanted islets. Most pancreas grafts have been procured from cadavers, but the favoured segmental technique allows living related donors to be used. After rejection the graft does not always have to be removed and exogenous insulin administration may be resumed, either permanently or until re-transplantation can be accomplished. Life-long immunosuppression is needed after transplantation and currently pancreatic allograft survival rates for cyclosporin (CSA) and azathioprine-treated patients have been similar. The longest survival of a living diabetic recipient with a functioning pancreas is 5 1/2 years. Some authors have recently claimed improvement and stabilization of impaired nerve conduction and diabetic retinopathy after pancreatic transplantation.Publisher’s versio

Significant prolongation of segmental pancreatic allograft survival in two species

A study was conducted to assess the suppression of segmental pancreatic allograft rejection by cyclosporine (CSA) alone in baboons and dogs, and subtotal marrow irradiation (TL1) alone and TL1 in combination with CSA in baboons. Total pancreatectomy in the dog and primate provided a reliable diabetic model, induced an absolute deficiency of insulin and was uniformly lethal if not treated. Continuous administration of CSA in baboons resulted in modest allograft survival. As in baboons, dogs receiving CSA 25 mg/kg/d rendered moderate graft prolongation but a dose of 40 mg/kg/d resulted in significant graft survival (> 100 days) in 5 of 8 allograft recipients. Irradiation alone resulted in minimal baboon pancreatic allograft survival of 20 baboons receiving TL1 1,000 rad and CSA, 3 had graft survival > of 100 days. Of 15 baboons receiving TL1 800 rad and CSA, 6 had graft surivval of > 100 days. In conclusion, CSA administration in dogs and TL1 in combination with CSA in baboons resulted in highly significant segmental pancreatic allograft survival.Articl