La modernizacion y la mujer de la familia campesina de bajos ingresos: tendencias generales

Incluye Bibliografí

Las mujeres rurales y la modernizacion socialista en Cuba

Incluye Bibliografí

Modernization and the changing life chances of women in low-income rural families

Incluye Bibliografí

Ensayo sobre los obstáculos al desarrollo rural en México.Retrospectiva y prospectiva

Este ensayo constituye una reflexión sobre patrones de cambio y de continuidad en los elementos que impiden el desarrollo rural de México. Empieza con una breve reseña de la manera en que muchos estudiosos definieron los principales problemas del campo durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970.Después se analizan dos grandes experiencias de política pública, basadas en supuestos diametralmente opuestos, con los cuales se ha intentado hacer frente a la problemática rural desde la década de 1970. Por último, se regresa a la pregunta rectora del ensayo: ¿siguen vigentes hoy día los mismos obstáculos al desarrollo rural que se señalaron hace treinta o cuarenta años? ¿Cuáles elementos de la situación anterior perduran todavía en 2007? ¿Y cuáles han perdido relevancia frente a los nuevos retos que confronta la población del campo?

La modernización y los cambios en las condiciones de vida de la mujer campesina

Incluye BibliografíaPrevia una discusion de los prototipos de la modernizacion rural, se analizan los cambios ocurridos en el papel de la mujer campesina en diferentes contextos, a saber: a).las tendencias generales de la mujer de la familia de bajos ingresos en el marco de la economia regional complementaria a la exportacion, en el contexto de la migracion rural-urbana y en la agricultura capitalista moderna; b).la mujer y el proceso de reforma agraria en el sistema capitalista; c).la mujer rural y la modernizacion en la Cuba socialista. El analisis anterior proporciona algunos elementos para el planteamiento de politicas de desarrollo, partiendo del hecho que las nuevas pautas de interaccion entre los sexos, son el producto de estrategias de adaptacion elaboradas por las familias y dependen del modo en que estas se incorporan a la sociedad mas amplia. Destaca como el determinante socioeconomico central del papel de la mujer no tanto el tipo de familia sino su insercion en el marco de la modernizacion rura

La mujer y la reforma agraria en un ambiente capitalista

Incluye BibliografíaEn las economias capitalistas, el proceso de reforma agraria determina, para hombres y mujeres, una liberacion de las obligaciones impuestas por los grandes terratenientes como condiciones de acceso a los recursos vitales de subsistencia. A traves del proceso de redistribucion de tierras, los beneficiados han logrado un mayor grado de control sobre las mismas y la mano de obra, con el consiguiente mejoramiento del nivel de vida. La condicion de las mujeres ha mejorado al verse incorporadas en programas limitados de produccion economica y desarrollo comunitario. Sin embargo, la transicion de dependientes a beneficiarios no ha significado una transformacion radical de las familias campesinas ni la eliminacion de los obstaculos a la plena igualdad de la muje

Economic Restructuring and Rural Subsistence in Mexico: Corn and the Crisis of the 1980s

This book, and the seminar on which it is based, were conceived as elements of a dialogue on the future of the Mexican countryside. Rural Mexico, like the rest of Mexican society, is changing rapidly in response to a variety of circumstances, many of which are very imperfectly understood. This book focuses on a central element in the livelihood of most rural people - the production and consumption of maiz - and on a key component of macroeconomic policy reform, that which has been concerned with reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of the maize provisioning system of the country. The concerted effort to restructure the entire maize pricing and marketing system, which has gone forward in conjunction with a broad ranging agricultural policy reform, affects the economic options, as well as the levels of living, of many different kinds of people in the Mexican countryside, and it does so in complex ways

Economic Restructuring and Rural Subsistence in Mexico: Corn and the Crisis of the 1980s

This book, and the seminar on which it is based, were conceived as elements of a dialogue on the future of the Mexican countryside. Rural Mexico, like the rest of Mexican society, is changing rapidly in response to a variety of circumstances, many of which are very imperfectly understood. This book focuses on a central element in the livelihood of most rural people - the production and consumption of maiz - and on a key component of macroeconomic policy reform, that which has been concerned with reducing the cost and increasing the efficiency of the maize provisioning system of the country. The concerted effort to restructure the entire maize pricing and marketing system, which has gone forward in conjunction with a broad ranging agricultural policy reform, affects the economic options, as well as the levels of living, of many different kinds of people in the Mexican countryside, and it does so in complex ways

A Service of zbw Becoming a garments worker: The mobilization of women into the garments factories of Bangladesh Becoming a Garments Worker: The Mobilization of Women into the Garments Factories of Bangladesh

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Note: The pagination of the electronic version of this paper may differ from the printed publication. Terms of use: Documents in ISSN 1020-3354 Copyright © United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. The designations employed in this publication, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by UNRISD of the opinions expressed in them. Preface In preparation for the Fourth World Conference on Women, which was held in Beijing in September 1995, UNRISD initiated an Occasional Paper Series reflecting work carried out under the UNRISD/UNDP project, Technical Cooperation and Women's Lives: Integrating Gender into Development Policy. In view of the intensified efforts in the aftermath of the conference to integrate gender concerns into policy analysis and formulation, and the progress of the gender programme at UNRISD, the Institute intends to continue this Occasional Paper Series to facilitate dissemination of the findings from its gender-related projects. The present paper is based on research undertaken in Bangladesh as part of the Technical Co-operation and Women's Lives project focusing on the theme of labour-intensive industrialization and female employment. Since the early 1980s an export-oriented garments industry has mushroomed in Bangladesh, with women workers constituting a significant proportion of its wage labour force. In explaining the reasons for the feminized wage labour force, considerable attention has been paid to the motivations of employers: the lower cost of young women workers, and their assumed "docility" and "nimbleness" in comparison to men. However, as Nazli Kibria argues, a fuller understanding of the movement of women into the garments factories of Bangladesh also requires the consideration of the "push" factors that underpin it. Conventional understandings of women's entry into wage employment in Bangladesh have emphasized the role played by extreme poverty and the related dynamic of male unemployment and desertion ¾ factors that are also explored in the present paper. But based on interviews with women factory workers in Dhaka, the author is able to suggest a more diverse set of factors underpinning their movement into the garments sector, which in a significant number of cases also entails individual rural-urban migration. Among the factors highlighted are family conflicts, marriage breakdowns, problems of sexual harrassment, the pressures from rising dowry demands and uncertain marriage prospects. Rather than being uniformly a response to dire poverty, the paper argues that in some instances garments work provides the means for enhancing personal and/or household economic prospects, while in other cases it provides a measure of economic and social independence for the women concerned. Another point emerging from the paper is that the meanings that are attached to any kind of work are context-specific and thus highly variable: notwithstanding the exploitative nature of work in garments factories, the value that women workers in this particular context attach to garments work needs to be seen in the light of other livelihood options that are open to them, such as domestic service and arduous forms of agricultural wage work