Comparison of vibrational dynamics, thermal behaviour, and phase transition in [Ni(NH3)4](ReO4)2[Ni(NH_3)_4](ReO_4)_2 and [Ni(NH3)6](ReO4)2[Ni(NH_3)_6](ReO_4)_2

The differences between thermal and vibrational properties of $[Ni(NH_3)_4](ReO_4)_2$ and $[Ni(NH_3)_6](ReO_4)_2$ are reported. The differential scanning calorimetry revealed that tetraamminenickel(II) perrhenate exhibits, in the temperature range of 300–140 K, one phase transition at ca. T c h = 188 K (on heating) and T c c = 185 K (on cooling). In the case of hexaamminenickel(II) perrhenate, no phase transition was observed in the same temperature region. Thermogravimetric measurements showed that the decomposition proceeds in the two main stages. In the first stage, a complete deammination takes place and next $Re_2O_7$ is released. TG measurements showed that $NH_3$ molecules are not equivalently bonded to central atom. The final and intermediate products of decomposition were analysed by means of infrared spectroscopy. The final product of thermal decomposition of both compounds is nickel(II) oxide. The analysis of far infrared spectra revealed that anions in $[Ni(NH_3)_6](ReO_4)_2$ have disturbed tetrahedral symmetry, whereas in $[Ni(NH_3)_4](ReO_4)_2$ they seem to form polymeric chains. The variation of the activation energies of the deammination and decomposition steps of $[Ni(NH_3)_6](ReO_4)_2$ was calculated through the model-free isoconversional Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method and model-free Kissinger method. Infrared spectra were calculated by the DFT method and quite a good agreement with the experimental data was obtained

Thermal properties of polycrystalline [Mn(NH3)6](ClO4)2[Mn(NH_{3})_{6}](ClO_{4})_{2} : crystal structure and phase transitions

The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of [Mn(NH 3 ) 6 ](ClO 4 ) 2 at room temperature can be indexed in the regular (cubic) system (Fm 3m space group) with lattice cell parameter a = 11.5729 A ̊ and with four mole- cules per unit cell. The XRPD pattern at 100 K is evidently different, and it indicates lowering of the crystal structure. One phase transition at T h C1 = 143.5 K (on heating) and at T c C1 = 137.6 K (on cooling) was detected by DSC for [Mn(NH 3 ) 6 ](ClO 4 ) 2 in the range of 120–300 K. The fol- lowing thermodynamic parameters for phase I $ phase II transition were obtained: D H = 3.1 ± 0.2 kJ mol - 1 and D S = 21.6 ± 0.3 J mol - 1 K - 1 . The large value of entropy changes ( D S ) indicates considerable configurational disor- der in the high temperature phase. The presence of 5.9 K hysteresis of the phase transition temperature at T C and sharpness of the heat flow anomaly attest that the detected phase transition is of the first-order type. Appearing of the two new bands (splitting of d s (HNH) F 1u mode) in FT-MIR spectra at the vicinity of 1200 cm - 1 suggests that the phase transition undergoes a change of the crystal structure

Regional education as a significant area of the preschool educational activities

The article aims at presenting the role of regional education in teaching and upbringing of children at preschool age. The author not only points to significance of the transfer of values of the material and non-material culture to the youngest members of society, but she also puts emphasis on the need to prepare the future teachers to derive knowledge and values from wisdom, mentality, customs, and traditions of the region that they live in

Usage of information and communication technologies by children at early school age

The development of information and communication technologies has caused changes in many fields of human activity and led to numerous social changes. They also influence the youngest generation. With the intention to assess how wide the range of usage of modern technologies by early school age children is, the article below presents the results of surveys dedicated to the above mentioned issue

Poczucie kompetencji społecznych uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym

The article discusses the issue of social competences from the perspective of a student at early school age. In this case, the author made use of a questionnaire to gauge and determine the level of the sense of social competences of students. The author used a percentage perspective of each of the questions, which allowed for a general look onto the level of the sense of social competences in the surveyed group of third-graders and which helped determine the frequency of selecting particular answers. Finally, the gathered data was thoroughly analysed on account of the number of points scored after summing up each student’s points

Problemy diagnozowania kompetencji społecznych uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym

The article describes the difficulties related to assessment conduct within the scope of social competences. The author of the article presents her own proposal of a model of assessing social competences among pupils at early school age based on the assessment of the level of particular components from the external and internal perspective with the use of observation, grade scales, socio-metric techniques and questionnaire techniques

Wykorzystanie Teorii Ograniczeń w procesie kształtowania kompetencji społecznych uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym

The program of activity constructed by means of using the three logical instruments of the Theory of Constrains, was settled as a result of the need of preparing pupils on primary school level to live in society and preparing them to do their social role as adult people. The results of the experiment claim that the Theory of Constraints unknown in Poland in the uprising and educational range, deserve deeper accomplishment, because of its efficacy and a great range of application (also in shaping social skills of primary pupils)

Teoria ograniczeń w kontekście szeroko pojętych działań oświatowych

Article aims to bring the ‘Theory of Constraints for Education’, which is an alternative educational activities, diversifying and enriching the educational process. The program was developed three logical tools, enjoying great popularity among teachers and educators in twenty-two countries in the world

Diagnosing the Psychophysical Hyperactivity Syndrome with the Use of MOXO Test

The text below attempts to gather information on hyperkinetic syndrome, widely known as psychophysical hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It contains the basic information concerning this disorder in the context of terminology clarifications, symptoms as well as etiology of occurrence. The possibility of using a modern tool in the diagnostic process – MOXO test, has been presented. The test accurately defines functioning of the examined person, taking into account such indicators as: attention, reaction time, impulsiveness and hyperactivit