Low sugar oat products are more sustainable, why are they not on the shelves of supermarkets?

Excess sugar in individuals’ diets may lead to weight related health problems such as obesity and diabetes. Sugar in processed foods is used to add sweetness and intensify flavor this is common in products such as oatmeal and granola bars. Reducing the amount of sugar in food products can contribute to all three pillars of sustainability environmental, economic and social. The goal of this report is to show the steps of developing a reduced sugar oatmeal food product up to the point that it is ready for conducting a sensory evaluation. This report and possible presentation at the WCU’s research day will also partially meet the requirements of the NTD 450 (Field to Fork Events), the capstone course of the Department of Nutrition’s Sustainable Food Systems Management concentration. This report and presentation will connect the developed food product with environmental sustainability (impact of sugar refining industry on the environment) and address social sustainability of this locally sourced food product. The ultimate goal of this project is to show-case an example of a sustainable food product development from farm to event

Synthesis of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid-Protein Conjugates for Development of Enzyme Immunoassay for B-Lactam Antibiotics

An enzyme immunoassay specific for several B-lactam antibiotics rather than individual antibiotics was investigated. The goal to develop an enzyme immunoassay for analysis of a whole class of compounds at one time is different than the goal of most enzyme immunoassays which desire specificity for drugs or hormone levels. Detection of the presence of all B-lactam antibiotics is wanted and identification of specific antibiotics is not needed. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid, the common structural moiety of B-lactam antibiotics was used tin this investigation. Methods of preparation of 6-aminopencillanic ac id conjugates 2nd antibodies needed for enzyme immunoassays have been developed. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was conjugated to ovalbumin and bovine gamma globulin for production of antibodies with specificity to 6-aminopenicillanic acid. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was also linked to the enzyme· horseradish peroxidase for future use in enzyme immunoassays. Antibodies produced against 6-aminopenicillanic acid are antigenic towards the thiazolidine ring of penicillins as shown by their affinity to ampicillin and penicillin. Anti-6-aminopenicillanic acid antibodies should therefore be antigenic towards other semisynthetic penicillins because 6-aminopenicillanic acid is usually used in their synthesis

North Dakota\u27s Monuments: What They Reveal of the State\u27s People and Their Character

Monuments and memorials are found in every society and civilization throughout history. These structures serve as commemorations of people, events, wars, victories, and disasters. The building of monuments allows the people of a society to express for posterity their jubilation, reverence, and grief. In turn, monuments and memorials reflect the values and beliefs of the society. As a result, historians study monuments and memorials to gain a better understanding of the people, culture, and values of a society or civilization. The study of monuments and memorials, as well as commemoration in general, is a growing field in both American and world history, but no study to date has addressed the structures located in North Dakota and what they reveal about the people who worked to see them built. This study seeks to fill that void. The monuments selected for this study fall into two categories: those dedicated to North Dakota’s historical pioneers and those devoted to the legendary pioneers. The historical pioneers are those identified individuals from whom character traits, values, and attitudes are drawn and celebrated as a reflection of the traits, values, and attitudes the monuments’ commissioners admire and seek to emulate. By contrast, the legendary pioneers are unidentified; they represent those ordinary men and women who faced incredible challenges in order to establish the social, cultural, political, and economic foundations of the state. The monuments’ commissioners chose to honor those unnamed pioneers as those who led the way for subsequent generations of the state’s residents. In so doing, the commissioners are able to project onto these legendary pioneers those character traits they believe have been passed down from the pioneering generation— those traits the commissioners wish to see perpetuated in future generations as well. The examination of both the historical and legendary pioneers celebrated by North Dakotans reveals a distinct set of character traits and attitudes displayed and revered by the monuments’ commissioners—the North Dakota character described by historian Elwyn B. Robinson in his History of North Dakota (1966)

Diversity of macroinvertebrates in tributaries of the jacks fork and current rivers, Ozark national scenic riverways, Missouri and efficacy of springfed tributaries as refugia

Disturbance is a dominant force shaping stream communities and recovery from disturbance requires the presence of refugia or environments where disturbance effects are lessened. In the Missouri Ozark region, groundwater-dominant streams or spring-fed tributaries are possible refugia. To determine if spring-fed tributaries serve as thermal refugia to macroinvertebrates, the movement of macroinvertebrates and the community composition were measured from spring-fed and surface-fed confluences in the Current River, Missouri during the middle of winter and summer. Macroinvertebrate communities in summer could be placed into three categories: surface-fed tributaries, Current River main channel, and spring-fed tributaries. Spring-fed tributary macroinvertebrate communities were unique in composition which suggests these tributaries were unlikely thermal refugia for macroinvertebrates because they were not a reflection of the communities present in the entire confluence. At the smaller-scale of mesohabitats within the tributaries, communities were unique and could be categorized as belonging to the structural environment of riffles, pools, and marginal vegetation. Further work on a family of flies, Chironomidae, within these mesohabitats revealed that this family alone could convey the same community relationship patterns as those revealed using the entire macroinvertebrate community. Refugia work indicates spring-fed tributaries could be important contributors to the numbers of macroinvertebrates transported downstream to support recovery in the main channel. Work at the mesohabitat scale revealed high structural diversity in the streams with corresponding diversity in macroinvertebrate communities. Work on the Chironomidae indicated potential use of this family in habitat assessment especially in environments unsuitable to other macroinvertebrate taxa

Chronicles of Oklahoma

Article explores the music and story behind behind the Mosquito Dance, a Cherokee-Natchez tradition. Charlotte Heth also examines the music of the Horse Fly Dance, a similar melody

The Effects of Capturing and Searching on the Acquisition of a Simple Arm Position

The present experiment compared two methods of training a simple arm position using auditory feedback: capture and search. The participants were four right-handed female college students. During capture, auditory feedback was delivered by the experimenter after the participant moved along a single axis into the target position. During search, auditory feedback was produced by the computer after the participant left clicked a mouse inside the target location. The results of a multi-element design showed that participants performed more accurately during capture training than search training. Pre-training and post-training probes, during which no auditory feedback was provided, showed similar fluctuations in accuracy across probe types. A retention check, performed seven days after the final training session, showed higher accuracy scores for search than capture, across all four participants. These findings suggest that TAGteach should incorporate an approach similar to search training to improve training outcomes

Orders endorsed by Henry Heth, 1861

Orders endorsed by Henry Heth detailing direction of march and provision of materials to troops by quartermaster and commissary.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1334/thumbnail.jp

Selected Characteristics of the Iowa Elementary Principalship, 1980-81

The purpose of this study was to provide current information and analyses of selected characteristics of Iowa elementary principals for the 1980-81 school year. Data concerning the current status of Iowa elementary principals was sought by the Iowa Association of Elementary and Middle School Principals. The study reported data available from Iowa, other individual states and the nation. Comparisons were made of data provided from this study and those previously reported. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire sent to 225 persons listed as elementary principals with the Iowa Department of Public Instruction. For comparative purposes, the data was tabulated separately for principals from each of three district sizes. The prominent findings of this study were: 1. This study indicated elementary principals with one year contracts had a mean of 9.6 years of experience in the present position and those with two year contracts had a mean of 10 years of experience. AT test did not indicate significance at the .05 level with reference to the contract type as compared to years of experience in the present position. 2. The size of the student body supervised by the elementary principal in the Specialist-Doctorate degree group had a mean of 288 students and principals with a Master\u27s degree had a mean of 360 students. AT test indicated significance at the .05 level relative to student body size and highest degree held. 3. Elementary principals whose final professional goal was the elementary principalship had a mean of 14.5 years in educationally related professions and those whose final professional goal was some profession other than the elementary principalship had a mean of 7 years in professions related to education. AT test indicated significance at the .05 level concerning the response to the elementary principalship as the final professional goal and the number of years in educationally related professions. 4. This study indicated elementary principals whose final professional goal was the elementary principalship had a mean salary of $27,477 and those whose final professional goal was some profession other than the elementary principalship had a mean of$27,179. A T test did not indicate significance at the .05 level with reference to salary and the elementary principalship as the final professional goal. 5. Elementary principals who responded either probably would or certainly would to becoming a principal again had a mean salary of $27,678 and$27,520 respectively while those responding wouldn\u27t to becoming a principal again had a mean of $25,422. Analysis of variance indicated significance at the .05 level with the combined probably would and certainly would group, and the wouldn\u27t group in reference to salary